Articles

A review on the numerical simulation of equatorial plasma bubbles toward scintillation evaluation and forecasting

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) have been a longstanding and increasingly important subject because they cause severe scintillations in radio waves from Global Navigation Satellite System satellites. The phen...

Authors: Tatsuhiro Yokoyama

Regional moisture budget associated with drought/flood events over China

In this study, long-term (1961–2011) variations in the moisture budget and drought/flood events in six subregions of China are analyzed. Water vapor is mainly transported zonally during winter, while meridiona...

Authors: Shuang Qiu, Wen Zhou, Marco Yu-Ting Leung and Xiuzhen Li

Correction to: Late Holocene uplift of the Izu Islands on the northern Zenisu Ridge off Central Japan

In the publication of this article (Kitamura et al., 2017), there was an error in Fig. 11 which incorrectly indicated ‘Serpulidae sp. should instead read ‘Serpulidae.’ Italicized. It should not have indicated fig...

Authors: Akihisa Kitamura, Takafumi Imai, Yuta Mitsui, Mami Ito, Yosuke Miyairi, Yusuke Yokoyama and Yuki Tokuda

Melting phase relations in the MgSiO₃–CaSiO₃ system at 24 GPa

The Earth’s lower mantle is composed of bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and CaSiO₃-rich perovskite. The melting phase relations between each component are key to understanding the melting of the Earth’s lower mantle...

Authors: Ryuichi Nomura, Youmo Zhou and Tetsuo Irifune

High-resolution simulations of turbidity currents

We employ direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, based on a continuum formulation for the sediment concentration, to investigate the physics of turbidity currents in com...

Authors: Edward Biegert, Bernhard Vowinckel, Raphael Ouillon and Eckart Meiburg

Simulating and quantifying legacy topographic data uncertainty: an initial step to advancing topographic change analyses

Rapid technological advances, sustained funding, and a greater recognition of the value of topographic data have helped develop an increasing archive of topographic data sources. Advances in basic and applied ...

Authors: Thad Wasklewicz, Zhen Zhu and Paul Gares

Weak hydrothermal carbonation of the Ongeluk volcanics: evidence for low CO₂ concentrations in seawater and atmosphere during the Paleoproterozoic global glaciation

It was previously revealed that the total CO₂ concentration in seawater decreased during the Late Archean. In this paper, to assess the secular change of total CO₂ concentration in seawater, we focused on the Pal...

Authors: Takazo Shibuya, Tsuyoshi Komiya, Ken Takai, Shigenori Maruyama and Michael J. Russell

Late Holocene uplift of the Izu Islands on the northern Zenisu Ridge off Central Japan

To clarify the Holocene uplift history of the Izu Islands, Japan, we analyze the elevations and ¹⁴C ages of emerged sessile assemblages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on the islands of Niijima, J...

Authors: Akihisa Kitamura, Takafumi Imai, Yuta Mitsui, Mami Ito, Yosuke Miyairi, Yusuke Yokoyama and Yuki Tokuda

Adjoint tomography of the crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Kanto region using broadband seismograms

A three-dimensional seismic wave speed model in the Kanto region of Japan was developed using adjoint tomography for application in the effective reproduction of observed waveforms. Starting with a model based...

Authors: Takayuki Miyoshi, Masayuki Obayashi, Daniel Peter, Yoko Tono and Seiji Tsuboi

Coastal sand dune ecosystem services in metropolitan suburbs: effects on the sake brewery environment induced by changing social conditions

Chiba Prefecture, Japan, lies very near Tokyo, the capital city of Japan. It borders the sea on three sides and is banded by coastal dunes. Several sake breweries are located near these dunes. Although there a...

Authors: Korehisa Kaneko and Hajime Matsushima

Tropical cyclone influence on the long-term variability of Philippine summer monsoon onset

The long-term variability of Philippine summer monsoon onset from 1903 to 2013 was investigated. The onset date is defined by daily rainfall data at eight stations in the northwestern Philippines. Summer monso...

Authors: Hisayuki Kubota, Ryuichi Shirooka, Jun Matsumoto, Esperanza O. Cayanan and Flaviana D. Hilario

Distribution, morphology, and morphometry of circular mounds in the elongated basin of northern Terra Sirenum, Mars

An elongated, flat-floored basin, located in the northern part of Terra Sirenum on Mars, holds numerous enigmatic mounds (100 m wide) on the surface of its floor. We investigated their geological context, spat...

Authors: Ryodo Hemmi and Hideaki Miyamoto

Acoustic water bottom investigation with a remotely operated watercraft survey system

This paper describes a remotely operated investigation system developed by combining a modern leisure-use fish finder and an unmanned watercraft to survey water bottom topography and other data related to bott...

Authors: Shintaro Yamasaki, Tomonori Tabusa, Shunsuke Iwasaki and Masahiro Hiramatsu

Mars core structure—concise review and anticipated insights from InSight

This review summarizes the knowledge of Mars’ interior structure, its inferred composition, and the anticipated seismological properties arising from its composition with particular focus on Mars’ core. The em...

Authors: George Helffrich

Potential impact of sea surface temperature on rainfall over the western Philippines

The study used a 5 km-resolution regional climate model, the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model, to quantify the potential impact of sea surface temperature (SST) west of the Philippines ...

Authors: Julie Mae B. Dado and Hiroshi G. Takahashi

Feasibility of a magma ocean dynamo on Mars

Crustal magnetization of rocks in regions of Mars surface testifies to an era of dynamo activity. I examine the possibility that the dynamo that operated then, in the first 400–600 Ma after Mars formed, was po...

Authors: George Helffrich

Seasonal modulation of the Asian summer monsoon between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age: a multi model study

Instrumental and proxy records indicate remarkable global climate variability over the last millennium, influenced by solar irradiance, Earth’s orbital parameters, volcanic eruptions and human activities. Nume...

Authors: Youichi Kamae, Toshi Kawana, Megumi Oshiro and Hiroaki Ueda

Possible climate preconditioning on submarine landslides along a convergent margin, Nankai Trough (NE Pacific)

Submarine landslides are major agents of sediment mass transfer from the shallow to deep sea. Due to their rapid emplacement and tsunamigenic potential, such landslides are significant geohazards for society a...

Authors: Katrina Kremer, Muhammed O. Usman, Yasufumi Satoguchi, Yoshitaka Nagahashi, Sunil Vadakkepuliyambatta, Giuliana Panieri and Michael Strasser

Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment (ShUREX): overview of the campaign with some preliminary results

The Shigaraki unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-Radar Experiment (ShUREX) is an international (USA-Japan-France) observational campaign, whose overarching goal is to demonstrate the utility of small, lightweight, ...

Authors: Lakshmi Kantha, Dale Lawrence, Hubert Luce, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Toshitaka Tsuda, Richard Wilson, Tyler Mixa and Masanori Yabuki

Structural context and variation of ocean plate stratigraphy, Franciscan Complex, California: insight into mélange origins and subduction-accretion processes

The transfer (accretion) of materials from a subducting oceanic plate to a subduction-accretionary complex has produced rock assemblages recording the history of the subducted oceanic plate from formation to a...

Authors: John Wakabayashi

The effect of slight thinning of managed coniferous forest on landscape appreciation and psychological restoration

We investigated the influence of slight thinning (percentage of woods: 16.6%, basal area: 9.3%) on landscape appreciation and the psychological restorative effect of an on-site setting by exposing respondents ...

Authors: Norimasa Takayama, Haruo Saito, Akio Fujiwara and Masahiro Horiuchi

Feasibility of retrieving dust properties and total column water vapor from solar spectra measured using a lander camera on Mars

Dust and water vapor are important constituents in the Martian atmosphere, exerting significant influence on the heat balance of the atmosphere and surface. We have developed a method to retrieve optical and p...

Authors: Naohiro Manago, Katsuyuki Noguchi, George L. Hashimoto, Hiroki Senshu, Naohito Otobe, Makoto Suzuki and Hiroaki Kuze

Eigenvector of gravity gradient tensor for estimating fault dips considering fault type

The dips of boundaries in faults and caldera walls play an important role in understanding their formation mechanisms. The fault dip is a particularly important parameter in numerical simulations for hazard ma...

Authors: Shigekazu Kusumoto

The responses of the four main substitution mechanisms of H in olivine to H₂O activity at 1050 °C and 3 GPa

Authors: Peter M. E. Tollan, Rachel Smith, Hugh St.C. O’Neill and Jörg Hermann

Outcomes and challenges of global high-resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric simulations using the K computer

This article reviews the major outcomes of a 5-year (2011–2016) project using the K computer to perform global numerical atmospheric simulations based on the non-hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICA...

Authors: Masaki Satoh, Hirofumi Tomita, Hisashi Yashiro, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa, Yoshiaki Miyamoto, Tsuyoshi Yamaura, Tomoki Miyakawa, Masuo Nakano, Chihiro Kodama, Akira T. Noda, Tomoe Nasuno, Yohei Yamada and Yoshiki Fukutomi

Seismic imaging of slab metamorphism and genesis of intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes

We review studies of intermediate-depth seismicity and seismic imaging of the interior of subducting slabs in relation to slab metamorphism and their implications for the genesis of intermediate-depth earthqua...

Authors: Akira Hasegawa and Junichi Nakajima

Towards a seamlessly diagnosable expression for the energy flux associated with both equatorial and mid-latitude waves

For mid-latitude Rossby waves (RWs) in the atmosphere, the expression for the energy flux for use in a model diagnosis, and without relying on a Fourier analysis or a ray theory, has previously been derived us...

Authors: Hidenori Aiki, Richard J. Greatbatch and Martin Claus

Melting relations in the Fe–S–Si system at high pressure and temperature: implications for the planetary core

The phase and melting relations in the Fe–S–Si system were determined up to 60 GPa by using a double-sided laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with X-ray diffraction. On the basis of the X-ray diffraction...

Authors: Takanori Sakairi, Eiji Ohtani, Seiji Kamada, Takeshi Sakai, Tatsuya Sakamaki and Naohisa Hirao

Hydrogen mobility in transition zone silicates

We study the hydrogen mobility in ringwoodite and wadsleyite considering multiple charge-balanced defects, including Mg < = > 2H, Si < = > Mg + 2H, and the hydrogarnet defect, Si < = > 4H, using molecular dyna...

Authors: Razvan Caracas and Wendy R. Panero

A numerical shallow-water model for gravity currents for a wide range of density differences

Gravity currents with various contrasting densities play a role in mass transport in a number of geophysical situations. The ratio of the density of the current, ρ _c, to the density of the...

Authors: Hiroyuki A. Shimizu, Takehiro Koyaguchi and Yujiro J. Suzuki

Spatial distribution of cold-season lightning frequency in the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan

The coastal areas of the Sea of Japan are a well-known hotspot of winter lightning activity. This study distinguishes between three common types of winter lightning in that region (types A–C), based on their f...

Authors: Daiki Tsurushima, Kiyotaka Sakaida and Noriyasu Honma

High-resolution mapping and time-series measurements of ²²²Rn concentrations and biogeochemical properties related to submarine groundwater discharge along the coast of Obama Bay, a semi-enclosed sea in Japan

High-resolution mapping along the coast and time-series measurements of the radon-222 (²²²Rn) concentrations in the shallow zone in a semi-enclosed sea, Obama Bay, Japan, were undertaken in 2013. The temporal and...

Authors: Shiho Kobayashi, Ryo Sugimoto, Hisami Honda, Yoji Miyata, Daisuke Tahara, Osamu Tominaga, Jun Shoji, Makoto Yamada, Satoshi Nakada and Makoto Taniguchi

A 2700-year record of ENSO and PDO variability from the Californian margin based on coccolithophore assemblages and calcification

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) account for a large part of modern climate variability. Over the last decades, understanding of these modes of climate variabil...

Authors: Luc Beaufort and Michaël Grelaud

ESR signal intensity of quartz in the fine-silt fraction of riverbed sediments from the Yangtze River: a provenance tracer for suspended particulate matter

The Asian summer monsoon exerts a strong influence on the hydrologic cycle in East Asia. Moreover, the distribution of heavy precipitation in the Yangtze River basin, which covers a large area of South China, ...

Authors: Keita Saito, Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng, Tomohisa Irino, Chao Luo, Mengying He, Ke Wang and Yoshiaki Suzuki

Seismic and inter-seismic ground surface deformations of the Murono mud volcano (central Japan): a laser scanning approach

A small mud volcano in Murono, Niigata Prefecture, north-central Japan, shows active ground surface displacements, not only when large earthquakes occur in the region but also during quiescent periods between ...

Authors: Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Shigekazu Kusumoto and Nobuhisa Matta

Model depiction of the atmospheric flows of radioactive cesium emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident

In this study, a new method is proposed for the depiction of the atmospheric transportation of the ¹³⁷Cs emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. This method employs a combination of the...

Authors: Teruyuki Nakajima, Shota Misawa, Yu Morino, Haruo Tsuruta, Daisuke Goto, Junya Uchida, Toshihiko Takemura, Toshimasa Ohara, Yasuji Oura, Mitsuru Ebihara and Masaki Satoh

Interplay of irreversible reactions and deformation: a case of hydrofracturing in the rodingite–serpentinite system

The interplay of irreversible reactions and deformation during regional metamorphism was analyzed in the reaction zones between rodingite and serpentinite. Rodingites are leucocratic rocks found commonly in se...

Authors: Tadao Nishiyama, Chisato Yoshida- Shiosaki, Yasushi Mori and Miki Shigeno

Preface for the article collection “High-Pressure Earth and Planetary Science in the last and next decade”

Authors: Tatsuya Sakamaki, Akio Suzuki and Bjorn Mysen

Erratum to: Reconstruction of a 2D seismic wavefield by seismic gradiometry

Authors: Takuto Maeda, Kiwamu Nishida, Ryota Takagi and Kazushige Obara

Estimation of seismic velocity changes at different depths associated with the 2014 Northern Nagano Prefecture earthquake, Japan (M _W 6.2) by joint interferometric analysis of NIED Hi-net and KiK-net records

To estimate the seismic velocity changes at different depths associated with a large earthquake, we apply passive image interferometry to two types of seismograms: KiK-net vertical pairs of earthquake records ...

Authors: Kaoru Sawazaki, Tatsuhiko Saito, Tomotake Ueno and Katsuhiko Shiomi

Reactions between komatiite and CO₂-rich seawater at 250 and 350 °C, 500 bars: implications for hydrogen generation in the Hadean seafloor hydrothermal system

To understand the chemical nature of hydrothermal fluids in the komatiite-hosted seafloor hydrothermal system in the Hadean, we conducted two hydrothermal serpentinization experiments involving synthetic komat...

Authors: Hisahiro Ueda, Takazo Shibuya, Yusuke Sawaki, Masafumi Saitoh, Ken Takai and Shigenori Maruyama

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Located far from anthropogenic emission sources, high-altitude mountain stations are considered to be ideal sites for monitoring climatic and environmentally important baseline changes in free tropospheric tra...

Authors: Sachiko Okamoto and Hiroshi Tanimoto

Elastostatic effects around a magma reservoir and pathway due to historic earthquakes: a case study of Mt. Fuji, Japan

We discuss elastostatic effects on Mt. Fuji, the tallest volcano in Japan, due to historic earthquakes in Japan. The 1707 Hoei eruption, which was the most explosive historic eruption of Mt. Fuji, occurred 49 ...

Authors: Masaki Hosono, Yuta Mitsui, Hidemi Ishibashi and Jun Kataoka

Retrieval of radiative and microphysical properties of clouds from multispectral infrared measurements

Satellite remote sensing of the macroscopic, microphysical, and optical properties of clouds are useful for studying spatial and temporal variations of clouds at various scales and constraining cloud physical ...

Authors: Hironobu Iwabuchi, Masanori Saito, Yuka Tokoro, Nurfiena Sagita Putri and Miho Sekiguchi

Reconstruction of a 2D seismic wavefield by seismic gradiometry

We reconstructed a 2D seismic wavefield and obtained its propagation properties by using the seismic gradiometry method together with dense observations of the Hi-net seismograph network in Japan. The seismic ...

Authors: Takuto Maeda, Kiwamu Nishida, Ryota Takagi and Kazushige Obara

Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface

Subduction initiation is a key in understanding the dynamic evolution of the Earth and its fundamental difference to all other rocky planetary bodies in our solar system. Despite recent progress, the question ...

Authors: Fabio Crameri and Paul J. Tackley

Determination of temporal changes in seismic velocity caused by volcanic activity in and around Hakone volcano, central Japan, using ambient seismic noise records

Autocorrelation functions (ACFs) for ambient seismic noise are considered to be useful tools for estimating temporal changes in the subsurface structure. Velocity changes at Hakone volcano in central Japan, wh...

Authors: Yohei Yukutake, Tomotake Ueno and Kazuki Miyaoka

Simple stochastic cellular automaton model for starved beds and implications about formation of sand topographic features in terms of sand flux

A simple stochastic cellular automaton model is proposed for simulating bedload transport, especially for cases with a low transport rate and where available sediments are very sparse on substrates in a subaqu...

Authors: Noritaka Endo

Melting carbonated epidote eclogites: carbonatites from subducting slabs

Current knowledge on the solidus temperature for carbonated eclogites suggests that carbonatitic liquids should not form from a subducted oceanic lithosphere at sub-arc depth. However, the oceanic crust includ...

Authors: Stefano Poli

A record of the upper Olduvai geomagnetic polarity transition from a sediment core in southern Yokohama City, Pacific side of central Japan

A detailed paleomagnetic record of the upper Olduvai polarity transition was obtained from a 106.72 m-long sediment core drilled in southern Yokohama City, located on the northern Miura Peninsula, on the Pacif...

Authors: Chie Kusu, Makoto Okada, Atsushi Nozaki, Ryuichi Majima and Hideki Wada