Articles

Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction

We compiled the most relevant data acquired throughout the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from the early expeditions to the most recent. We also analyzed the various explanatory models in light of this updated dat...

Authors: Serge Lallemand

Hydrogen and carbon isotope systematics in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis under H₂-limited and H₂-enriched conditions: implications for the origin of methane and its isotopic diagnosis

Hydrogen and carbon isotope systematics of H₂O–H₂–CO₂–CH₄ in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and their relation to H₂ availability were investigated. Two H₂-syntrophic cocultures of fermentatively hydrogenogenic ...

Authors: Tomoyo Okumura, Shinsuke Kawagucci, Yayoi Saito, Yohei Matsui, Ken Takai and Hiroyuki Imachi

Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Japanese historical documents reveal that Mw 8 class earthquakes have occurred every 100–150 years along the Suruga and Nankai troughs since the 684 Hakuho earthquake. These earthquakes have commonly caused la...

Authors: Akihisa Kitamura

Transitional changes in microfossil assemblages in the Japan Sea from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene related to global climatic and local tectonic events

Many micropaleontological studies based on data from on-land sections, oil wells, and deep-sea drilling cores have provided important information about environmental changes in the Japan Sea that are related t...

Authors: Takuya Itaki

Sound velocities of bridgmanite from density of states determined by nuclear inelastic scattering and first-principles calculations

Sound velocities of bridgmanite measured in the laboratory are a key to deciphering the composition of the lower mantle. Here, we report Debye sound velocities determined using nuclear inelastic scattering (NI...

Authors: Catherine McCammon, Razvan Caracas, Konstantin Glazyrin, Vasily Potapkin, Anastasia Kantor, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Clemens Prescher, Ilya Kupenko, Aleksandr Chumakov and Leonid Dubrovinsky

Mantle hydration and Cl-rich fluids in the subduction forearc

In the forearc region, aqueous fluids are released from the subducting slab at a rate depending on its thermal state. Escaping fluids tend to rise vertically unless they meet permeability barriers such as the ...

Authors: Bruno Reynard

An experimental study on the rate and mechanism of capillary rise in sandstone

The Lucas-Washburn equation is a fundamental expression used to describe capillary rise in geologic media on the basis of pore radius, liquid viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, and time. It is known th...

Authors: Yuya Tsunazawa, Tadashi Yokoyama and Naoki Nishiyama

Impact-induced melting during accretion of the Earth

Because of the high energies involved, giant impacts that occur during planetary accretion cause large degrees of melting. The depth of melting in the target body after each collision determines the pressure a...

Authors: Jellie de Vries, Francis Nimmo, H. Jay Melosh, Seth A. Jacobson, Alessandro Morbidelli and David C. Rubie

Preface for the article collection of “Multidisciplinary Researches on Deep Interiors of the Earth and Planets”

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Authors: Satoru Tanaka, Jonathan Aurnou and Michael Bergman

Mass accumulation rate of detrital materials in Lake Suigetsu as a potential proxy for heavy precipitation: a comparison of the observational precipitation and sedimentary record

In the densely populated region of East Asia, it is important to know the mechanism, scale, and frequency of heavy precipitation brought about during the monsoons and typhoons. However, observational data, whi...

Authors: Yoshiaki Suzuki, Ryuji Tada, Kazuyoshi Yamada, Tomohisa Irino, Kana Nagashima, Takeshi Nakagawa and Takayuki Omori

Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau

Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and its linkage with the evolution of the Asian monsoon has been regarded as a typical example of a tectonic–climate linkage. Although this linkage remains unpr...

Authors: Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng and Peter D. Clift

A review by the chief editors of some of the most popular papers published by PEPS in 2014–2015

Authors: Yasufumi Iryu, Kiyoshi Kuramoto, Masaki Satoh, Jun Matsumoto, Shoichi Yoshioka, Hodaka Kawahata and Ryuji Tada

New parameter of roundness R: circularity corrected by aspect ratio

In this paper, we propose a new roundness parameter R, to denote circularity corrected by aspect ratio. The basic concept of this new roundness parameter is given by the following equation:

Authors: Yasuhiro Takashimizu and Maiko Iiyoshi

Geochemical approaches to the quantification of dispersed volcanic ash in marine sediment

Volcanic ash has long been recognized in marine sediment, and given the prevalence of oceanic and continental arc volcanism around the globe in regard to widespread transport of ash, its presence is nearly ubi...

Authors: Rachel P. Scudder, Richard W. Murray, Julie C. Schindlbeck, Steffen Kutterolf, Folkmar Hauff, Michael B. Underwood, Samantha Gwizd, Rebecca Lauzon and Claire C. McKinley

Hydrogen-rich hydrothermal environments in the Hadean ocean inferred from serpentinization of komatiites at 300 °C and 500 bar

Serpentinization of Al-depleted and Al-undepleted komatiites (and olivine for comparison) was experimentally characterized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 300 °C and 500 bar to evaluate ...

Authors: Takazo Shibuya, Motoko Yoshizaki, Masahiko Sato, Kenji Shimizu, Kentaro Nakamura, Soichi Omori, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Ken Takai, Hideo Tsunakawa and Shigenori Maruyama

Overview of the development of the Aerosol Loading Interface for Cloud microphysics In Simulation (ALICIS)

This review summarizes the scientific background of and past/prospective update strategies for the development of the Aerosol Loading Interface for Cloud microphysics In Simulation (ALICIS). ALICIS provides a ...

Authors: Takamichi Iguchi, In-Jin Choi, Yousuke Sato, Kentaroh Suzuki and Teruyuki Nakajima

Atmospheric radioactivity over Tsukuba, Japan: a summary of three years of observations after the FDNPP accident

A severe accident occurred in March 2011 at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) operated by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), causing serious environmental pollution over a wide range co...

Authors: Yasuhito Igarashi, Mizuo Kajino, Yuji Zaizen, Kouji Adachi and Masao Mikami

Sea surface temperature proxies (alkenones, foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblage) and their implications in the Okinawa Trough

We reviewed three sea surface temperature (SST) proxies in the Okinawa Trough (OT): alkenones, planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. The seasonal and vertical distribution p...

Authors: Ryoung Ah Kim, Kyung Eun Lee and Si Woong Bae

Ensemble experiments using a nested LETKF system to reproduce intense vortices associated with tornadoes of 6 May 2012 in Japan

Experiments simulating intense vortices associated with tornadoes that occurred on 6 May 2012 on the Kanto Plain, Japan, were performed with a nested local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) system. Inte...

Authors: Hiromu Seko, Masaru Kunii, Sho Yokota, Tadashi Tsuyuki and Takemasa Miyoshi

Authigenic carbonate precipitation at the end-Guadalupian (Middle Permian) in China: Implications for the carbon cycle in ancient anoxic oceans

Carbonate precipitation is a major process in the global carbon cycle. It was recently proposed that authigenic carbonate (carbonate precipitated in situ at the sediment–water interface and/or within the sedim...

Authors: Masafumi Saitoh, Yuichiro Ueno, Yukio Isozaki, Takazo Shibuya, Jianxin Yao, Zhansheng Ji, Katsumi Shozugawa, Motoyuki Matsuo and Naohiro Yoshida

Dynamic responses of the Earth’s outer core to assimilation of observed geomagnetic secular variation

Assimilation of surface geomagnetic observations and geodynamo models has advanced very quickly in recent years. However, compared to advanced data assimilation systems in meteorology, geomagnetic data assimil...

Authors: Weijia Kuang and Andrew Tangborn

Iron snow, crystal floats, and inner-core growth: modes of core solidification and implications for dynamos in terrestrial planets and moons

Recent planetary space missions, new experimental data, and advanced numerical techniques have helped to improve our understanding of the deep interiors of the terrestrial planets and moons. In the present rev...

Authors: Doris Breuer, Tina Rueckriemen and Tilman Spohn

An in situ experimental study of Zr⁴⁺ transport capacity of water-rich fluids in the temperature and pressure range of the deep crust and upper mantle

Throughout the Earth’s history, mass transport involved fluids. In order to address the circumstances under which Zr⁴⁺ may have been transported in this manner, its solubility behavior in aqueous fluid with and w...

Authors: Bjorn Mysen

Simultaneous measurements of elastic wave velocities and electrical conductivity in a brine-saturated granitic rock under confining pressures and their implication for interpretation of geophysical observations

Simultaneous measurements of elastic wave velocity and electrical conductivity in a brine-saturated granitic rock were conducted under confining pressures of up to 180 MPa. Contrasting changes in velocity and ...

Authors: Tohru Watanabe and Akiyoshi Higuchi

Marine tephra in the Japan Sea sediments as a tool for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology

Tephra is a product of large and explosive volcanic events and can travel thousands of kilometers before deposition. Consequently, tephra deposits are common in terrestrial, lacustrine, marine, and glacial env...

Authors: Ken Ikehara

Effect of width, amplitude, and position of a core mantle boundary hot spot on core convection and dynamo action

Within the fluid iron cores of terrestrial planets, convection and the resulting generation of global magnetic fields are controlled by the overlying rocky mantle. The thermal structure of the lower mantle det...

Authors: Wieland Dietrich, Johannes Wicht and Kumiko Hori

Complex inner core boundary from frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficients of PKiKP waves observed by Hi-net

Frequency-dependent reflection coefficients of P waves at the inner core boundary (ICB) are estimated from the spectral ratios of PKiKP and PcP waves observed by the high-sensitivity seismograph network (Hi-ne...

Authors: Satoru Tanaka and Hrvoje Tkalčić

MF and HF radar techniques for investigating the dynamics and structure of the 50 to 110 km height region: a review

The application of medium-frequency (MF) and high-frequency (HF) partial reflection radar to investigate the neutral upper atmosphere is one of the oldest such techniques still regularly in use. The techniques...

Authors: Iain Murray Reid

Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments in the Yangtze River and the implications for provenance and chemical weathering in East Asia

In order to interpret the marine clastic record preserved in the sedimentary basins of the East Asian marginal seas, it is important to understand how sediment transport and chemical weathering affect the comp...

Authors: Mengying He, Hongbo Zheng, Peter D. Clift, Ryuji Tada, Weihua Wu and Chao Luo

Evidence for natural molecular hydrogen seepage associated with Carolina bays (surficial, ovoid depressions on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Province of the USA)

A study of soil gases was made in North Carolina (USA) in and around morphological depressions called “Carolina bays.” This type of depression is observed over the Atlantic coastal plains of the USA, but their...

Authors: Viacheslav Zgonnik, Valérie Beaumont, Eric Deville, Nikolay Larin, Daniel Pillot and Kathleen M. Farrell

Can clay minerals account for the behavior of non-asperity on the subducting plate interface?

Seismicity along the subducting plate interface shows regional variation, which has been explained by the seismic asperity model where large earthquakes occur at strongly coupled patches that are surrounded by...

Authors: Ikuo Katayama, Tatsuro Kubo, Hiroshi Sakuma and Kenji Kawai

Liquid sodium models of the Earth’s core

Our understanding of the dynamics of the Earth’s core can be advanced by a combination of observation, experiments, and simulations. A crucial aspect of the core is the interplay between the flow of the conduc...

Authors: Matthew M. Adams, Douglas R. Stone, Daniel S. Zimmerman and Daniel P. Lathrop

Advancing the understanding of the Sun–Earth interaction—the Climate and Weather of the Sun–Earth System (CAWSES) II program

The Scientific Committee on Solar–Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) of the International Council for Science (ICSU) implemented an international collaborative program called Climate and Weather of the Sun–Earth Syste...

Authors: Toshitaka Tsuda, Marianna Shepherd and Nat Gopalswamy

Geographical distribution of shear wave anisotropy within marine sediments in the northwestern Pacific

In the northwestern Pacific, the elastic properties of marine sediments, including P-wave velocities (Vp) and S wave velocities (Vs), have recently been constrained by active seismic surveys. However, information...

Authors: Takashi Tonegawa, Yoshio Fukao, Gou Fujie, Shunsuke Takemura, Tsutomu Takahashi and Shuichi Kodaira

Towards more realistic core-mantle boundary heat flux patterns: a source of diversity in planetary dynamos

Mantle control on planetary dynamos is often studied by imposing heterogeneous core-mantle boundary (CMB) heat flux patterns on the outer boundary of numerical dynamo simulations. These patterns typically ente...

Authors: Hagay Amit, Gaël Choblet, Peter Olson, Julien Monteux, Frédéric Deschamps, Benoit Langlais and Gabriel Tobie

Diffusion-controlled growth and degree of disequilibrium of garnet porphyroblasts: is diffusion-controlled growth of porphyroblasts common?

Rate-limiting processes and the degree of disequilibrium during metamorphic mineral growth are key controls on the rate of dehydration and hydration in the Earth’s crust. This paper examines diffusion-controll...

Authors: Kazuhiro Miyazaki

The competition between Lorentz and Coriolis forces in planetary dynamos

Fluid motions within planetary cores generate magnetic fields through dynamo action. These core processes are driven by thermo-compositional convection subject to the competing influences of rotation, which te...

Authors: Krista M. Soderlund, Andrey Sheyko, Eric M. King and Jonathan M. Aurnou

Impacts of cloud microphysics on trade wind cumulus: which cloud microphysics processes contribute to the diversity in a large eddy simulation?

This study investigated the impact of several cloud microphysical schemes on the trade wind cumulus in the large eddy simulation model. To highlight the differences due to the cloud microphysical component, we...

Authors: Yousuke Sato, Seiya Nishizawa, Hisashi Yashiro, Yoshiaki Miyamoto, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa and Hirofumi Tomita

Water and magmas: insights about the water solution mechanisms in alkali silicate melts from infrared, Raman, and ²⁹Si solid-state NMR spectroscopies

Degassing of water during the ascent of hydrous magma in a volcanic edifice produces dramatic changes in the magma density and viscosity. This can profoundly affect the dynamics of volcanic eruptions. The wate...

Authors: Charles Le Losq, Bjorn O. Mysen and George D. Cody

The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar

The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the EISCAT UHF and VHF radar systems) and...

Authors: Ian McCrea, Anita Aikio, Lucilla Alfonsi, Evgenia Belova, Stephan Buchert, Mark Clilverd, Norbert Engler, Björn Gustavsson, Craig Heinselman, Johan Kero, Mike Kosch, Hervé Lamy, Thomas Leyser, Yasunobu Ogawa, Kjellmar Oksavik, Asta Pellinen-Wannberg…

Auroral substorms as an electrical discharge phenomenon

During the last 50 years, we have made much progress in studying auroral substorms (consisting of the growth phase, the expansion phase, and the recovery phase). In particular, we have quantitatively learned abou...

Authors: Syun-Ichi Akasofu

δ ¹⁸O_sw estimate for Globigerinoides ruber from core-top sediments in the East China Sea

The paired analyses of the Mg/Ca ratio and oxygen isotopic composition (δ ¹⁸O_c) of surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera have become a widely used method for reconstructing the oxygen i...

Authors: Keiji Horikawa, Tomohiro Kodaira, Jing Zhang and Masafumi Murayama

Towards scaling laws for subduction initiation on terrestrial planets: constraints from two-dimensional steady-state convection simulations

The strongly temperature-dependent viscosity of rocks leads to the formation of nearly rigid lithospheric plates. Previous studies showed that a very low yield stress might be necessary to weaken and mobilize ...

Authors: Teresa Wong and Viatcheslav S Solomatov

The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach

The Kuroshio Current is a major western boundary current controlled by the North Pacific Gyre. It brings warm subtropical waters from the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to Japan exerting a major control on Asian clima...

Authors: Stephen J. Gallagher, Akihisa Kitamura, Yasufumi Iryu, Takuya Itaki, Itaru Koizumi and Peter W. Hoiles

Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits during the last 4000 years and their correlations with historical tsunami events in Koyadori on the Sanriku Coast, northeastern Japan

Large tsunamis occurring throughout the past several hundred years along the Sanriku Coast on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan have been documented and observed. However, the risk of large tsunamis like...

Authors: Daisuke Ishimura and Takahiro Miyauchi

Stratification of earth’s outermost core inferred from SmKS array data

SmKS arrivals recorded by large-scale broadband seismometer arrays are analyzed to investigate the depth profile of P wave speed (V _p ) in the outermost ...

Authors: Satoshi Kaneshima and Takanori Matsuzawa

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Mass movements caused by rainfall events in Taiwan are analyzed during a 7-year period from 2006 to 2012. Data from the Taiwan Soil and Water Conservation Bureau reports were compiled for 263 mass movement eve...

Authors: Chi-Wen Chen, Hitoshi Saito and Takashi Oguchi

Short-term variability of the Sun-Earth system: an overview of progress made during the CAWSES-II period

This paper presents an overview of results obtained during the CAWSES-II period on the short-term variability of the Sun and how it affects the near-Earth space environment. CAWSES-II was planned to examine th...

Authors: Nat Gopalswamy, Bruce Tsurutani and Yihua Yan

eScience and Informatics for international science programs

Both eScience and Informatics, their conceptual approaches, methods, and extant technical solutions, are still relatively new approaches in many science fields. Collectively, they intend to facilitate the elec...

Authors: Peter Fox and Janet Kozyra

Investigating the particle precipitation of a moving cusp aurora using simultaneous observations from the ground and space

Using observations of a moving cusp aurora from a high-sensitivity all-sky imager at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, and in situ observations of the precipitating particles from a spacecraft that flew over the aurora, we...

Authors: Satoshi Taguchi, Keisuke Hosokawa and Yasunobu Ogawa