Articles

A numerical shallow-water model for gravity currents for a wide range of density differences

Gravity currents with various contrasting densities play a role in mass transport in a number of geophysical situations. The ratio of the density of the current, ρ _c, to the density of the...

Authors: Hiroyuki A. Shimizu, Takehiro Koyaguchi and Yujiro J. Suzuki

Spatial distribution of cold-season lightning frequency in the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan

The coastal areas of the Sea of Japan are a well-known hotspot of winter lightning activity. This study distinguishes between three common types of winter lightning in that region (types A–C), based on their f...

Authors: Daiki Tsurushima, Kiyotaka Sakaida and Noriyasu Honma

High-resolution mapping and time-series measurements of ²²²Rn concentrations and biogeochemical properties related to submarine groundwater discharge along the coast of Obama Bay, a semi-enclosed sea in Japan

High-resolution mapping along the coast and time-series measurements of the radon-222 (²²²Rn) concentrations in the shallow zone in a semi-enclosed sea, Obama Bay, Japan, were undertaken in 2013. The temporal and...

Authors: Shiho Kobayashi, Ryo Sugimoto, Hisami Honda, Yoji Miyata, Daisuke Tahara, Osamu Tominaga, Jun Shoji, Makoto Yamada, Satoshi Nakada and Makoto Taniguchi

A 2700-year record of ENSO and PDO variability from the Californian margin based on coccolithophore assemblages and calcification

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) account for a large part of modern climate variability. Over the last decades, understanding of these modes of climate variabil...

Authors: Luc Beaufort and Michaël Grelaud

ESR signal intensity of quartz in the fine-silt fraction of riverbed sediments from the Yangtze River: a provenance tracer for suspended particulate matter

The Asian summer monsoon exerts a strong influence on the hydrologic cycle in East Asia. Moreover, the distribution of heavy precipitation in the Yangtze River basin, which covers a large area of South China, ...

Authors: Keita Saito, Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng, Tomohisa Irino, Chao Luo, Mengying He, Ke Wang and Yoshiaki Suzuki

Seismic and inter-seismic ground surface deformations of the Murono mud volcano (central Japan): a laser scanning approach

A small mud volcano in Murono, Niigata Prefecture, north-central Japan, shows active ground surface displacements, not only when large earthquakes occur in the region but also during quiescent periods between ...

Authors: Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Shigekazu Kusumoto and Nobuhisa Matta

Model depiction of the atmospheric flows of radioactive cesium emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident

In this study, a new method is proposed for the depiction of the atmospheric transportation of the ¹³⁷Cs emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident. This method employs a combination of the...

Authors: Teruyuki Nakajima, Shota Misawa, Yu Morino, Haruo Tsuruta, Daisuke Goto, Junya Uchida, Toshihiko Takemura, Toshimasa Ohara, Yasuji Oura, Mitsuru Ebihara and Masaki Satoh

Interplay of irreversible reactions and deformation: a case of hydrofracturing in the rodingite–serpentinite system

The interplay of irreversible reactions and deformation during regional metamorphism was analyzed in the reaction zones between rodingite and serpentinite. Rodingites are leucocratic rocks found commonly in se...

Authors: Tadao Nishiyama, Chisato Yoshida- Shiosaki, Yasushi Mori and Miki Shigeno

Preface for the article collection “High-Pressure Earth and Planetary Science in the last and next decade”

Authors: Tatsuya Sakamaki, Akio Suzuki and Bjorn Mysen

Erratum to: Reconstruction of a 2D seismic wavefield by seismic gradiometry

Authors: Takuto Maeda, Kiwamu Nishida, Ryota Takagi and Kazushige Obara

Estimation of seismic velocity changes at different depths associated with the 2014 Northern Nagano Prefecture earthquake, Japan (M _W 6.2) by joint interferometric analysis of NIED Hi-net and KiK-net records

To estimate the seismic velocity changes at different depths associated with a large earthquake, we apply passive image interferometry to two types of seismograms: KiK-net vertical pairs of earthquake records ...

Authors: Kaoru Sawazaki, Tatsuhiko Saito, Tomotake Ueno and Katsuhiko Shiomi

Reactions between komatiite and CO₂-rich seawater at 250 and 350 °C, 500 bars: implications for hydrogen generation in the Hadean seafloor hydrothermal system

To understand the chemical nature of hydrothermal fluids in the komatiite-hosted seafloor hydrothermal system in the Hadean, we conducted two hydrothermal serpentinization experiments involving synthetic komat...

Authors: Hisahiro Ueda, Takazo Shibuya, Yusuke Sawaki, Masafumi Saitoh, Ken Takai and Shigenori Maruyama

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Located far from anthropogenic emission sources, high-altitude mountain stations are considered to be ideal sites for monitoring climatic and environmentally important baseline changes in free tropospheric tra...

Authors: Sachiko Okamoto and Hiroshi Tanimoto

Elastostatic effects around a magma reservoir and pathway due to historic earthquakes: a case study of Mt. Fuji, Japan

We discuss elastostatic effects on Mt. Fuji, the tallest volcano in Japan, due to historic earthquakes in Japan. The 1707 Hoei eruption, which was the most explosive historic eruption of Mt. Fuji, occurred 49 ...

Authors: Masaki Hosono, Yuta Mitsui, Hidemi Ishibashi and Jun Kataoka

Retrieval of radiative and microphysical properties of clouds from multispectral infrared measurements

Satellite remote sensing of the macroscopic, microphysical, and optical properties of clouds are useful for studying spatial and temporal variations of clouds at various scales and constraining cloud physical ...

Authors: Hironobu Iwabuchi, Masanori Saito, Yuka Tokoro, Nurfiena Sagita Putri and Miho Sekiguchi

Reconstruction of a 2D seismic wavefield by seismic gradiometry

We reconstructed a 2D seismic wavefield and obtained its propagation properties by using the seismic gradiometry method together with dense observations of the Hi-net seismograph network in Japan. The seismic ...

Authors: Takuto Maeda, Kiwamu Nishida, Ryota Takagi and Kazushige Obara

Subduction initiation from a stagnant lid and global overturn: new insights from numerical models with a free surface

Subduction initiation is a key in understanding the dynamic evolution of the Earth and its fundamental difference to all other rocky planetary bodies in our solar system. Despite recent progress, the question ...

Authors: Fabio Crameri and Paul J. Tackley

Determination of temporal changes in seismic velocity caused by volcanic activity in and around Hakone volcano, central Japan, using ambient seismic noise records

Autocorrelation functions (ACFs) for ambient seismic noise are considered to be useful tools for estimating temporal changes in the subsurface structure. Velocity changes at Hakone volcano in central Japan, wh...

Authors: Yohei Yukutake, Tomotake Ueno and Kazuki Miyaoka

Simple stochastic cellular automaton model for starved beds and implications about formation of sand topographic features in terms of sand flux

A simple stochastic cellular automaton model is proposed for simulating bedload transport, especially for cases with a low transport rate and where available sediments are very sparse on substrates in a subaqu...

Authors: Noritaka Endo

Melting carbonated epidote eclogites: carbonatites from subducting slabs

Current knowledge on the solidus temperature for carbonated eclogites suggests that carbonatitic liquids should not form from a subducted oceanic lithosphere at sub-arc depth. However, the oceanic crust includ...

Authors: Stefano Poli

A record of the upper Olduvai geomagnetic polarity transition from a sediment core in southern Yokohama City, Pacific side of central Japan

A detailed paleomagnetic record of the upper Olduvai polarity transition was obtained from a 106.72 m-long sediment core drilled in southern Yokohama City, located on the northern Miura Peninsula, on the Pacif...

Authors: Chie Kusu, Makoto Okada, Atsushi Nozaki, Ryuichi Majima and Hideki Wada

Major element composition of an Early Enriched Reservoir: constraints from ¹⁴²Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope systematics in the early Earth and high-pressure melting experiments of a primitive peridotite

The Accessible Silicate Earth (ASE) has a higher ¹⁴²Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio than most chondrites. Thus, if the Earth is assumed to have formed from these chondrites, a complement low-¹⁴²Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd reservoir is needed. Such ...

Authors: Nozomi Kondo, Takashi Yoshino, Kyoko N. Matsukage and Tetsu Kogiso

Preface for the article collection “Land–Ocean Linkages under the Influence of the Asian Monsoon”

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Authors: Ryuji Tada and Richard W. Murray

Extreme geomagnetically induced currents

We propose an emergency alert framework for geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), based on the empirically extreme values and theoretical upper limits of the solar wind parameters and of dB/dt, the time deriva...

Authors: Ryuho Kataoka and Chigomezyo Ngwira

The middle atmospheric circulation of a tidally locked Earth-like planet and the role of the sea surface temperature

We investigate the influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) changes on the middle atmosphere of a tidally locked Earth-like planet orbiting a G star using the coupled 3D chemistry-climate model CESM1(WAC...

Authors: Elisavet Proedrou, Klemens Hocke and Peter Wurz

A review of progress towards understanding the transient global mean surface temperature response to radiative perturbation

The correct understanding of the transient response to external radiative perturbation is important for the interpretation of observed climate change, the prediction of near-future climate change, and committe...

Authors: Masakazu Yoshimori, Masahiro Watanabe, Hideo Shiogama, Akira Oka, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Rumi Ohgaito and Youichi Kamae

Hydrous Na-garnet from Garnet Ridge; products of mantle metasomatism underneath the Colorado Plateau

This is the first report on amphibole exsolution in pyrope from the Colorado Plateau. Pyrope crystals delivered from mantle depths underneath the Colorado Plateau by kimberlitic volcanism at 30 Ma were collect...

Authors: Kunihiko Sakamaki, Yuto Sato and Yoshihide Ogasawara

Magnetohydrodynamics modeling of coronal magnetic field and solar eruptions based on the photospheric magnetic field

In this paper, we summarize current progress on using the observed magnetic fields for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) modeling of the coronal magnetic field and of solar eruptions, including solar flares and coron...

Authors: Satoshi Inoue

Ultrahigh-pressure acoustic wave velocities of SiO₂-Al₂O₃ glasses up to 200 GPa

Extensive experimental studies on the structure and density of silicate glasses as laboratory analogs of natural silicate melts have attempted to address the nature of dense silicate melts that may be present ...

Authors: Itaru Ohira, Motohiko Murakami, Shinji Kohara, Koji Ohara and Eiji Ohtani

Imaging in 3D under pressure: a decade of high-pressure X-ray microtomography development at GSECARS

The high-pressure X-ray microtomography (HPXMT) apparatus has been operating at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS) bending magnet beamline at the Advanced Photon Source since 2005. By combining the powerful synch...

Authors: Tony Yu, Yanbin Wang and Mark L. Rivers

Resolution dependence of deep convections in a global simulation from over 10-kilometer to sub-kilometer grid spacing

The success of sub-kilometer global atmospheric simulation opens the door for resolving deep convections, which are fundamental elements of cloudy disturbances that drive global circulation. A previous study f...

Authors: Yoshiyuki Kajikawa, Yoshiaki Miyamoto, Ryuji Yoshida, Tsuyoshi Yamaura, Hisashi Yashiro and Hirofumi Tomita

Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction

We compiled the most relevant data acquired throughout the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from the early expeditions to the most recent. We also analyzed the various explanatory models in light of this updated dat...

Authors: Serge Lallemand

Hydrogen and carbon isotope systematics in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis under H₂-limited and H₂-enriched conditions: implications for the origin of methane and its isotopic diagnosis

Hydrogen and carbon isotope systematics of H₂O–H₂–CO₂–CH₄ in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and their relation to H₂ availability were investigated. Two H₂-syntrophic cocultures of fermentatively hydrogenogenic ...

Authors: Tomoyo Okumura, Shinsuke Kawagucci, Yayoi Saito, Yohei Matsui, Ken Takai and Hiroyuki Imachi

Unit cell determination of coexisting post-perovskite and H-phase in (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ using multigrain XRD: compositional variation across a laser heating spot at 119 GPa

Multigrain X-ray diffraction (XRD) can be used to accurately calculate the unit cell parameters of individual mineral phases in a mineral assemblage contained in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Coexisting post-per...

Authors: Li Zhang, Yue Meng and Ho-kwang Mao

Examination of the largest-possible tsunamis (Level 2) generated along the Nankai and Suruga troughs during the past 4000 years based on studies of tsunami deposits from the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami

Japanese historical documents reveal that Mw 8 class earthquakes have occurred every 100–150 years along the Suruga and Nankai troughs since the 684 Hakuho earthquake. These earthquakes have commonly caused la...

Authors: Akihisa Kitamura

Transitional changes in microfossil assemblages in the Japan Sea from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene related to global climatic and local tectonic events

Many micropaleontological studies based on data from on-land sections, oil wells, and deep-sea drilling cores have provided important information about environmental changes in the Japan Sea that are related t...

Authors: Takuya Itaki

Sound velocities of bridgmanite from density of states determined by nuclear inelastic scattering and first-principles calculations

Sound velocities of bridgmanite measured in the laboratory are a key to deciphering the composition of the lower mantle. Here, we report Debye sound velocities determined using nuclear inelastic scattering (NI...

Authors: Catherine McCammon, Razvan Caracas, Konstantin Glazyrin, Vasily Potapkin, Anastasia Kantor, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Clemens Prescher, Ilya Kupenko, Aleksandr Chumakov and Leonid Dubrovinsky

Mantle hydration and Cl-rich fluids in the subduction forearc

In the forearc region, aqueous fluids are released from the subducting slab at a rate depending on its thermal state. Escaping fluids tend to rise vertically unless they meet permeability barriers such as the ...

Authors: Bruno Reynard

An experimental study on the rate and mechanism of capillary rise in sandstone

The Lucas-Washburn equation is a fundamental expression used to describe capillary rise in geologic media on the basis of pore radius, liquid viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, and time. It is known th...

Authors: Yuya Tsunazawa, Tadashi Yokoyama and Naoki Nishiyama

Impact-induced melting during accretion of the Earth

Because of the high energies involved, giant impacts that occur during planetary accretion cause large degrees of melting. The depth of melting in the target body after each collision determines the pressure a...

Authors: Jellie de Vries, Francis Nimmo, H. Jay Melosh, Seth A. Jacobson, Alessandro Morbidelli and David C. Rubie

Preface for the article collection of “Multidisciplinary Researches on Deep Interiors of the Earth and Planets”

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Authors: Satoru Tanaka, Jonathan Aurnou and Michael Bergman

Mass accumulation rate of detrital materials in Lake Suigetsu as a potential proxy for heavy precipitation: a comparison of the observational precipitation and sedimentary record

In the densely populated region of East Asia, it is important to know the mechanism, scale, and frequency of heavy precipitation brought about during the monsoons and typhoons. However, observational data, whi...

Authors: Yoshiaki Suzuki, Ryuji Tada, Kazuyoshi Yamada, Tomohisa Irino, Kana Nagashima, Takeshi Nakagawa and Takayuki Omori

Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau

Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and its linkage with the evolution of the Asian monsoon has been regarded as a typical example of a tectonic–climate linkage. Although this linkage remains unpr...

Authors: Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng and Peter D. Clift

A review by the chief editors of some of the most popular papers published by PEPS in 2014–2015

Authors: Yasufumi Iryu, Kiyoshi Kuramoto, Masaki Satoh, Jun Matsumoto, Shoichi Yoshioka, Hodaka Kawahata and Ryuji Tada

New parameter of roundness R: circularity corrected by aspect ratio

In this paper, we propose a new roundness parameter R, to denote circularity corrected by aspect ratio. The basic concept of this new roundness parameter is given by the following equation:

Authors: Yasuhiro Takashimizu and Maiko Iiyoshi

Geochemical approaches to the quantification of dispersed volcanic ash in marine sediment

Volcanic ash has long been recognized in marine sediment, and given the prevalence of oceanic and continental arc volcanism around the globe in regard to widespread transport of ash, its presence is nearly ubi...

Authors: Rachel P. Scudder, Richard W. Murray, Julie C. Schindlbeck, Steffen Kutterolf, Folkmar Hauff, Michael B. Underwood, Samantha Gwizd, Rebecca Lauzon and Claire C. McKinley

Hydrogen-rich hydrothermal environments in the Hadean ocean inferred from serpentinization of komatiites at 300 °C and 500 bar

Serpentinization of Al-depleted and Al-undepleted komatiites (and olivine for comparison) was experimentally characterized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 300 °C and 500 bar to evaluate ...

Authors: Takazo Shibuya, Motoko Yoshizaki, Masahiko Sato, Kenji Shimizu, Kentaro Nakamura, Soichi Omori, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Ken Takai, Hideo Tsunakawa and Shigenori Maruyama

Overview of the development of the Aerosol Loading Interface for Cloud microphysics In Simulation (ALICIS)

This review summarizes the scientific background of and past/prospective update strategies for the development of the Aerosol Loading Interface for Cloud microphysics In Simulation (ALICIS). ALICIS provides a ...

Authors: Takamichi Iguchi, In-Jin Choi, Yousuke Sato, Kentaroh Suzuki and Teruyuki Nakajima

Atmospheric radioactivity over Tsukuba, Japan: a summary of three years of observations after the FDNPP accident

A severe accident occurred in March 2011 at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) operated by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), causing serious environmental pollution over a wide range co...

Authors: Yasuhito Igarashi, Mizuo Kajino, Yuji Zaizen, Kouji Adachi and Masao Mikami

Sea surface temperature proxies (alkenones, foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblage) and their implications in the Okinawa Trough

We reviewed three sea surface temperature (SST) proxies in the Okinawa Trough (OT): alkenones, planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. The seasonal and vertical distribution p...

Authors: Ryoung Ah Kim, Kyung Eun Lee and Si Woong Bae