Articles

Unseasonal development of post-sunset F-region irregularities over Southeast Asia on 28 July 2014: 1. Forcing from above?

This contribution is the first of a two-part investigation into an unseasonal post-sunset equatorial F-region irregularity (EFI) event over the Southeast Asian region on the evening of 28 July 2014. Ground-bas...

Authors: Brett A. Carter, S. Tulasi Ram, Endawoke Yizengaw, Rezy Pradipta, John Retterer, Robert Norman, Julie Currie, Keith Groves, Ronald Caton, Michael Terkildsen, Tatsuhiro Yokoyama and Kefei Zhang

Cold surge event observed by radiosonde observation from the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012

The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippin...

Authors: Shin-Ya Ogino, Peiming Wu, Miki Hattori, Nobuhiko Endo, Hisayuki Kubota, Tomoshige Inoue and Jun Matsumoto

Deep magnetic field stretching in numerical dynamos

The process of magnetic field stretching transfers kinetic energy to magnetic energy and thereby maintains dynamos against ohmic dissipation. Stretching at depth may play an important role in shaping the field...

Authors: Diego Peña, Hagay Amit and Katia J. Pinheiro

Reconstruction of sediment-transport pathways on a modern microtidal coast by a new grain-size trend analysis method

A new method for granulometric-parameter-based reconstruction of sediment-transport pathways is proposed and is termed P-GSTA (grain-size trend analysis using principal component analysis) herein. The main adv...

Authors: Shota Yamashita, Hajime Naruse and Takeshi Nakajo

Mass transfer in the Earth’s interior: fluid-melt interaction in aluminosilicate–C–O–H–N systems at high pressure and temperature under oxidizing conditions

Understanding what governs the speciation in the C–O–H–N system aids our knowledge of how volatiles affect mass transfer processes in the Earth’s interior. Experiments with aluminosilicate melt + C–O–H–N volat...

Authors: Bjorn Mysen

Refinement of Miocene sea level and monsoon events from the sedimentary archive of the Maldives (Indian Ocean)

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 359 cored sediments from eight borehole locations in the carbonate platform of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. The expedition set out to unravel the ti...

Authors: C. Betzler, G. P. Eberli, T. Lüdmann, J. Reolid, D. Kroon, J. J. G. Reijmer, P. K. Swart, J. Wright, J. R. Young, C. Alvarez-Zarikian, M. Alonso-García, O. M. Bialik, C. L. Blättler, J. A. Guo, S. Haffen, S. Horozal…

Land-sea surface air temperature contrast on the western coast of Sumatra Island during an active phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation

The land-sea surface temperature contrast on the western coast of Sumatra Island was examined using observation data obtained from the pre-Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC) field campaign from November to ...

Authors: Peiming Wu, Shuichi Mori and Fadli Syamsudin

Effects of the postsunset vertical plasma drift on the generation of equatorial spread F

Equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities are caused by plasma instability processes in the equatorial ionosphere and especially related to plasma bubble phenomena in the topside F region. Plasma bubbles result...

Authors: Chao-Song Huang

Decomposition of the large-scale atmospheric state driving downscaling: a perspective on dynamical downscaling for regional climate study

In this study, we provide a perspective on dynamical downscaling that includes a comprehensive view of multiple downscaling methods and a strategy for achieving better assessment of future regional climates. A...

Authors: Seiya Nishizawa, Sachiho A. Adachi, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa, Tsuyoshi Yamaura, Kazuto Ando, Ryuji Yoshida, Hisashi Yashiro and Hirofumi Tomita

Global terrain classification using 280 m DEMs: segmentation, clustering, and reclassification

Polygon-based terrain classification data were created globally using 280 m digital elevation models (DEMs) interpolated from the multi-error-removed improved-terrain DEM (MERIT DEM). First, area segmentation ...

Authors: Junko Iwahashi, Izumi Kamiya, Masashi Matsuoka and Dai Yamazaki

Paleo-tsunami history along the northern Japan Trench: evidence from Noda Village, northern Sanriku coast, Japan

Throughout history, large tsunamis have frequently affected the Sanriku area of the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region, Japan, which faces the Japan Trench. Although a few studies have examined paleo-tsunami d...

Authors: Taiga Inoue, Kazuhisa Goto, Yuichi Nishimura, Masashi Watanabe, Yasutaka Iijima and Daisuke Sugawara

Northern Eurasia Future Initiative (NEFI): facing the challenges and pathways of global change in the twenty-first century

During the past several decades, the Earth system has changed significantly, especially across Northern Eurasia. Changes in the socio-economic conditions of the larger countries in the region have also resulte...

Authors: Pavel Groisman, Herman Shugart, David Kicklighter, Geoffrey Henebry, Nadezhda Tchebakova, Shamil Maksyutov, Erwan Monier, Garik Gutman, Sergey Gulev, Jiaguo Qi, Alexander Prishchepov, Elena Kukavskaya, Boris Porfiriev, Alexander Shiklomanov, Tatiana Loboda, Nikolay Shiklomanov…

Global evaluation of erosion rates in relation to tectonics

Understanding the mechanisms and controlling factors of erosion rates is essential in order to sufficiently comprehend bigger processes such as landscape evolution. For decades, scientists have been researchin...

Authors: Hagar Hecht and Takashi Oguchi

Cenozoic sedimentary records of climate-tectonic coupling in the Western Himalaya

Sedimentary archives in the Himalayan foreland basin and Indus submarine fan provide the most detailed records of how changing monsoon strength may have affected erosion and the development of tectonic structu...

Authors: Peter D. Clift

Spatial pattern in stress drops of moderate-sized earthquakes on the Pacific Plate off the south-east of Hokkaido, Japan: implications for the heterogeneity of frictional properties

We show that the spatial heterogeneity in the coseismic displacement of large earthquakes likely reflects the spatial characteristics of the frictional properties and that it can be inferred from the stress dr...

Authors: Takuji Yamada, Yu Saito, Yuichiro Tanioka and Jun Kawahara

A review on the numerical simulation of equatorial plasma bubbles toward scintillation evaluation and forecasting

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) have been a longstanding and increasingly important subject because they cause severe scintillations in radio waves from Global Navigation Satellite System satellites. The phen...

Authors: Tatsuhiro Yokoyama

Regional moisture budget associated with drought/flood events over China

In this study, long-term (1961–2011) variations in the moisture budget and drought/flood events in six subregions of China are analyzed. Water vapor is mainly transported zonally during winter, while meridiona...

Authors: Shuang Qiu, Wen Zhou, Marco Yu-Ting Leung and Xiuzhen Li

Correction to: Late Holocene uplift of the Izu Islands on the northern Zenisu Ridge off Central Japan

In the publication of this article (Kitamura et al., 2017), there was an error in Fig. 11 which incorrectly indicated ‘Serpulidae sp. should instead read ‘Serpulidae.’ Italicized. It should not have indicated fig...

Authors: Akihisa Kitamura, Takafumi Imai, Yuta Mitsui, Mami Ito, Yosuke Miyairi, Yusuke Yokoyama and Yuki Tokuda

Melting phase relations in the MgSiO₃–CaSiO₃ system at 24 GPa

The Earth’s lower mantle is composed of bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and CaSiO₃-rich perovskite. The melting phase relations between each component are key to understanding the melting of the Earth’s lower mantle...

Authors: Ryuichi Nomura, Youmo Zhou and Tetsuo Irifune

High-resolution simulations of turbidity currents

We employ direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, based on a continuum formulation for the sediment concentration, to investigate the physics of turbidity currents in com...

Authors: Edward Biegert, Bernhard Vowinckel, Raphael Ouillon and Eckart Meiburg

Simulating and quantifying legacy topographic data uncertainty: an initial step to advancing topographic change analyses

Rapid technological advances, sustained funding, and a greater recognition of the value of topographic data have helped develop an increasing archive of topographic data sources. Advances in basic and applied ...

Authors: Thad Wasklewicz, Zhen Zhu and Paul Gares

Weak hydrothermal carbonation of the Ongeluk volcanics: evidence for low CO₂ concentrations in seawater and atmosphere during the Paleoproterozoic global glaciation

It was previously revealed that the total CO₂ concentration in seawater decreased during the Late Archean. In this paper, to assess the secular change of total CO₂ concentration in seawater, we focused on the Pal...

Authors: Takazo Shibuya, Tsuyoshi Komiya, Ken Takai, Shigenori Maruyama and Michael J. Russell

Late Holocene uplift of the Izu Islands on the northern Zenisu Ridge off Central Japan

To clarify the Holocene uplift history of the Izu Islands, Japan, we analyze the elevations and ¹⁴C ages of emerged sessile assemblages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on the islands of Niijima, J...

Authors: Akihisa Kitamura, Takafumi Imai, Yuta Mitsui, Mami Ito, Yosuke Miyairi, Yusuke Yokoyama and Yuki Tokuda

Adjoint tomography of the crust and upper mantle structure beneath the Kanto region using broadband seismograms

A three-dimensional seismic wave speed model in the Kanto region of Japan was developed using adjoint tomography for application in the effective reproduction of observed waveforms. Starting with a model based...

Authors: Takayuki Miyoshi, Masayuki Obayashi, Daniel Peter, Yoko Tono and Seiji Tsuboi

Coastal sand dune ecosystem services in metropolitan suburbs: effects on the sake brewery environment induced by changing social conditions

Chiba Prefecture, Japan, lies very near Tokyo, the capital city of Japan. It borders the sea on three sides and is banded by coastal dunes. Several sake breweries are located near these dunes. Although there a...

Authors: Korehisa Kaneko and Hajime Matsushima

Tropical cyclone influence on the long-term variability of Philippine summer monsoon onset

The long-term variability of Philippine summer monsoon onset from 1903 to 2013 was investigated. The onset date is defined by daily rainfall data at eight stations in the northwestern Philippines. Summer monso...

Authors: Hisayuki Kubota, Ryuichi Shirooka, Jun Matsumoto, Esperanza O. Cayanan and Flaviana D. Hilario

Distribution, morphology, and morphometry of circular mounds in the elongated basin of northern Terra Sirenum, Mars

An elongated, flat-floored basin, located in the northern part of Terra Sirenum on Mars, holds numerous enigmatic mounds (100 m wide) on the surface of its floor. We investigated their geological context, spat...

Authors: Ryodo Hemmi and Hideaki Miyamoto

Acoustic water bottom investigation with a remotely operated watercraft survey system

This paper describes a remotely operated investigation system developed by combining a modern leisure-use fish finder and an unmanned watercraft to survey water bottom topography and other data related to bott...

Authors: Shintaro Yamasaki, Tomonori Tabusa, Shunsuke Iwasaki and Masahiro Hiramatsu

Mars core structure—concise review and anticipated insights from InSight

This review summarizes the knowledge of Mars’ interior structure, its inferred composition, and the anticipated seismological properties arising from its composition with particular focus on Mars’ core. The em...

Authors: George Helffrich

Potential impact of sea surface temperature on rainfall over the western Philippines

The study used a 5 km-resolution regional climate model, the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model, to quantify the potential impact of sea surface temperature (SST) west of the Philippines ...

Authors: Julie Mae B. Dado and Hiroshi G. Takahashi

Feasibility of a magma ocean dynamo on Mars

Crustal magnetization of rocks in regions of Mars surface testifies to an era of dynamo activity. I examine the possibility that the dynamo that operated then, in the first 400–600 Ma after Mars formed, was po...

Authors: George Helffrich

Seasonal modulation of the Asian summer monsoon between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age: a multi model study

Instrumental and proxy records indicate remarkable global climate variability over the last millennium, influenced by solar irradiance, Earth’s orbital parameters, volcanic eruptions and human activities. Nume...

Authors: Youichi Kamae, Toshi Kawana, Megumi Oshiro and Hiroaki Ueda

Possible climate preconditioning on submarine landslides along a convergent margin, Nankai Trough (NE Pacific)

Submarine landslides are major agents of sediment mass transfer from the shallow to deep sea. Due to their rapid emplacement and tsunamigenic potential, such landslides are significant geohazards for society a...

Authors: Katrina Kremer, Muhammed O. Usman, Yasufumi Satoguchi, Yoshitaka Nagahashi, Sunil Vadakkepuliyambatta, Giuliana Panieri and Michael Strasser

Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment (ShUREX): overview of the campaign with some preliminary results

The Shigaraki unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-Radar Experiment (ShUREX) is an international (USA-Japan-France) observational campaign, whose overarching goal is to demonstrate the utility of small, lightweight, ...

Authors: Lakshmi Kantha, Dale Lawrence, Hubert Luce, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Toshitaka Tsuda, Richard Wilson, Tyler Mixa and Masanori Yabuki

Structural context and variation of ocean plate stratigraphy, Franciscan Complex, California: insight into mélange origins and subduction-accretion processes

The transfer (accretion) of materials from a subducting oceanic plate to a subduction-accretionary complex has produced rock assemblages recording the history of the subducted oceanic plate from formation to a...

Authors: John Wakabayashi

The effect of slight thinning of managed coniferous forest on landscape appreciation and psychological restoration

We investigated the influence of slight thinning (percentage of woods: 16.6%, basal area: 9.3%) on landscape appreciation and the psychological restorative effect of an on-site setting by exposing respondents ...

Authors: Norimasa Takayama, Haruo Saito, Akio Fujiwara and Masahiro Horiuchi

Feasibility of retrieving dust properties and total column water vapor from solar spectra measured using a lander camera on Mars

Dust and water vapor are important constituents in the Martian atmosphere, exerting significant influence on the heat balance of the atmosphere and surface. We have developed a method to retrieve optical and p...

Authors: Naohiro Manago, Katsuyuki Noguchi, George L. Hashimoto, Hiroki Senshu, Naohito Otobe, Makoto Suzuki and Hiroaki Kuze

Eigenvector of gravity gradient tensor for estimating fault dips considering fault type

The dips of boundaries in faults and caldera walls play an important role in understanding their formation mechanisms. The fault dip is a particularly important parameter in numerical simulations for hazard ma...

Authors: Shigekazu Kusumoto

The responses of the four main substitution mechanisms of H in olivine to H₂O activity at 1050 °C and 3 GPa

Authors: Peter M. E. Tollan, Rachel Smith, Hugh St.C. O’Neill and Jörg Hermann

Outcomes and challenges of global high-resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric simulations using the K computer

This article reviews the major outcomes of a 5-year (2011–2016) project using the K computer to perform global numerical atmospheric simulations based on the non-hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICA...

Authors: Masaki Satoh, Hirofumi Tomita, Hisashi Yashiro, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa, Yoshiaki Miyamoto, Tsuyoshi Yamaura, Tomoki Miyakawa, Masuo Nakano, Chihiro Kodama, Akira T. Noda, Tomoe Nasuno, Yohei Yamada and Yoshiki Fukutomi

Seismic imaging of slab metamorphism and genesis of intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes

We review studies of intermediate-depth seismicity and seismic imaging of the interior of subducting slabs in relation to slab metamorphism and their implications for the genesis of intermediate-depth earthqua...

Authors: Akira Hasegawa and Junichi Nakajima

Towards a seamlessly diagnosable expression for the energy flux associated with both equatorial and mid-latitude waves

For mid-latitude Rossby waves (RWs) in the atmosphere, the expression for the energy flux for use in a model diagnosis, and without relying on a Fourier analysis or a ray theory, has previously been derived us...

Authors: Hidenori Aiki, Richard J. Greatbatch and Martin Claus

Melting relations in the Fe–S–Si system at high pressure and temperature: implications for the planetary core

The phase and melting relations in the Fe–S–Si system were determined up to 60 GPa by using a double-sided laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with X-ray diffraction. On the basis of the X-ray diffraction...

Authors: Takanori Sakairi, Eiji Ohtani, Seiji Kamada, Takeshi Sakai, Tatsuya Sakamaki and Naohisa Hirao

Hydrogen mobility in transition zone silicates

We study the hydrogen mobility in ringwoodite and wadsleyite considering multiple charge-balanced defects, including Mg < = > 2H, Si < = > Mg + 2H, and the hydrogarnet defect, Si < = > 4H, using molecular dyna...

Authors: Razvan Caracas and Wendy R. Panero

A numerical shallow-water model for gravity currents for a wide range of density differences

Gravity currents with various contrasting densities play a role in mass transport in a number of geophysical situations. The ratio of the density of the current, ρ _c, to the density of the...

Authors: Hiroyuki A. Shimizu, Takehiro Koyaguchi and Yujiro J. Suzuki

Spatial distribution of cold-season lightning frequency in the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan

The coastal areas of the Sea of Japan are a well-known hotspot of winter lightning activity. This study distinguishes between three common types of winter lightning in that region (types A–C), based on their f...

Authors: Daiki Tsurushima, Kiyotaka Sakaida and Noriyasu Honma

High-resolution mapping and time-series measurements of ²²²Rn concentrations and biogeochemical properties related to submarine groundwater discharge along the coast of Obama Bay, a semi-enclosed sea in Japan

High-resolution mapping along the coast and time-series measurements of the radon-222 (²²²Rn) concentrations in the shallow zone in a semi-enclosed sea, Obama Bay, Japan, were undertaken in 2013. The temporal and...

Authors: Shiho Kobayashi, Ryo Sugimoto, Hisami Honda, Yoji Miyata, Daisuke Tahara, Osamu Tominaga, Jun Shoji, Makoto Yamada, Satoshi Nakada and Makoto Taniguchi

A 2700-year record of ENSO and PDO variability from the Californian margin based on coccolithophore assemblages and calcification

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) account for a large part of modern climate variability. Over the last decades, understanding of these modes of climate variabil...

Authors: Luc Beaufort and Michaël Grelaud

ESR signal intensity of quartz in the fine-silt fraction of riverbed sediments from the Yangtze River: a provenance tracer for suspended particulate matter

The Asian summer monsoon exerts a strong influence on the hydrologic cycle in East Asia. Moreover, the distribution of heavy precipitation in the Yangtze River basin, which covers a large area of South China, ...

Authors: Keita Saito, Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng, Tomohisa Irino, Chao Luo, Mengying He, Ke Wang and Yoshiaki Suzuki

Seismic and inter-seismic ground surface deformations of the Murono mud volcano (central Japan): a laser scanning approach

A small mud volcano in Murono, Niigata Prefecture, north-central Japan, shows active ground surface displacements, not only when large earthquakes occur in the region but also during quiescent periods between ...

Authors: Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Shigekazu Kusumoto and Nobuhisa Matta