Articles

Nitrogen in the Earth: abundance and transport

The terrestrial nitrogen budget, distribution, and evolution are governed by biological and geological recycling. The biological cycle provides the nitrogen input for the geological cycle, which, in turn, feed...

Authors: Bjorn Mysen

Correction to: Geological record of prehistoric tsunamis in Mugi town, facing the Nankai Trough, western Japan

In the original publication of this article [1], there are some errors in Authors’ contributions, the correct ‘Author’s contributions’ should be as below.

Authors: Yumi Shimada, Shigehiro Fujino, Yuki Sawai, Koichiro Tanigawa, Dan Matsumoto, Arata Momohara, Megumi Saito-Kato, Masaki Yamada, Eri Hirayama, Takahiro Suzuki and Catherine Chagué

Postseismic fluid discharge chemically recorded in altered pseudotachylyte discovered from an ancient megasplay fault: an example from the Nobeoka Thrust in the Shimanto accretionary complex, SW Japan

Megasplay fault branching from plate boundaries of subduction zones is thought to be important sources of earthquakes and tsunamis. In this study, we performed structural and geochemical analyses on a fossiliz...

Authors: Ryota Hasegawa, Asuka Yamaguchi, Rina Fukuchi, Yohei Hamada, Nobuhiro Ogawa, Yujin Kitamura, Gaku Kimura, Juichiro Ashi and Tsuyoshi Ishikawa

Universat-SOCRAT multi-satellite project to study TLEs and TGFs

We present concept of a new multi-satellite Universat-SOCRAT project aimed to study transient phenomena in the upper atmosphere such as transient luminous events (TLEs) and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs)...

Authors: Mikhail Panasyuk, Pavel Klimov, Sergei Svertilov, Alexander Belov, Vitali Bogomolov, Andrei Bogomolov, Gali Garipov, Anatoly Iyudin, Margarita Kaznacheeva, Ivan Maksimov, Alexander Minaev, Artem Novikov, Pavel Minaev, Vasili Petrov, Alexei Pozanenko, Yan Shtunder…

Southern Hemisphere mid- and high-latitudinal AOD, CO, NO₂, and HCHO: spatiotemporal patterns revealed by satellite observations

To assess air pollution emitted in Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes and transported to Antarctica, we investigate the climatological mean and temporal trends in aerosol optical depth (AOD), carbon monoxide (C...

Authors: Dha Hyun Ahn, Taejin Choi, Jhoon Kim, Sang Seo Park, Yun Gon Lee, Seong-Joong Kim and Ja-Ho Koo

Geological record of prehistoric tsunamis in Mugi town, facing the Nankai Trough, western Japan

Stratigraphic and paleontological investigations in Mugi Town, on the Pacific coast of Shikoku Island, revealed evidence of as many as five tsunami inundations from events along the Nankai Trough between 5581 ...

Authors: Yumi Shimada, Shigehiro Fujino, Yuki Sawai, Koichiro Tanigawa, Dan Matsumoto, Arata Momohara, Megumi Saito-Kato, Masaki Yamada, Eri Hirayama, Takahiro Suzuki and Catherine Chagué

Atmospheric structures in the troposphere as revealed by high-resolution backscatter images from MU radar operating in range-imaging mode

VHF band stratosphere/troposphere (ST) radars around the globe are seldom operated in range-imaging mode. As such, the typical range resolution of their backscatter images is about 150 m. The only exception is...

Authors: Lakshmi Kantha, Hubert Luce, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi and Abhiram Doddi

Scientific innovations from the Mars aerosol optical depth based on satellite data with a temporal resolution of hours

The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), Emirates Mars Mission (EMM), and possible future Mars stationary satellite(s) will provide innovative data products on the optical depth of dust and water ice clouds in the...

Authors: Claus Gebhardt and Abdelgadir Abuelgasim

Generation mechanism of large later phases of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami causing damages in Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

The 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake generated a large tsunami that caused catastrophic damage along the Pacific coast of Japan. The major portion of the damage along the Pacific coast of Tohoku in Japan was mainly ...

Authors: Yuichiro Tanioka, Mizuho Shibata, Yusuke Yamanaka, Aditya Riadi Gusman and Kei Ioki

Morphometric measurements of bedrock rivers at different spatial scales and applications to geomorphological heritage research

Morphometric characterisation is particularly relevant in the study of geomorphological heritage. 3D modelling techniques have been proven as very useful tools to recognise, characterise and valorise geomorpho...

Authors: Miguel Gomez-Heras, Jose A. Ortega-Becerril, Julio Garrote, Rafael Fort and Laura Lopez-Gonzalez

Vertical profiles of arsenic and arsenic species transformations in deep-sea sediment, Nankai Trough, offshore Japan

Concentrations of arsenic (As) and its chemical forms were determined on deep-sea sediments drilled at three sites of Nankai Trough, off the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Those sediments were analyzed to document the ...

Authors: Harue Masuda, Haruka Yoshinishi, Shigeshi Fuchida, Tomohiro Toki and Emilie Even

Review of the accomplishments of mid-latitude Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars

The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is a network of high-frequency (HF) radars located in the high- and mid-latitude regions of both hemispheres that is operated under international cooperation. T...

Authors: Nozomu Nishitani, John Michael Ruohoniemi, Mark Lester, Joseph Benjamin Harold Baker, Alexandre Vasilyevich Koustov, Simon G. Shepherd, Gareth Chisham, Tomoaki Hori, Evan G. Thomas, Roman A. Makarevich, Aurélie Marchaudon, Pavlo Ponomarenko, James A. Wild, Stephen E. Milan, William A. Bristow, John Devlin…

Weakening of rainfall intensity on wet soils over the wet Asian monsoon region using a high-resolution regional climate model

This study estimated the sensitivity of rainfall characteristics (rainfall amount, rainfall frequency, rainfall intensity, and rainfall extremes based on 30-min intervals) to land-surface conditions over South...

Authors: Hiroshi G. Takahashi and Jan Polcher

The architecture of long-lived fault zones: insights from microstructure and quartz lattice-preferred orientations in mylonites of the Median Tectonic Line, SW Japan

We combine field mapping with quartz microstructure and lattice preferred orientations (LPO) to constrain the mechanisms and spatio-temporal distribution of deformation surrounding the Median Tectonic Line (MT...

Authors: Thomas A. Czertowicz, Toru Takeshita, Shun Arai, Takafumi Yamamoto, Jun-Ichi Ando, Norio Shigematsu and Ko-Ichiro Fujimoto

Simulation study of near-Earth space disturbances: 2. Auroral substorms

A substorm is a transient phenomenon that lasts for only 1–2 h. One significant manifestation of the substorm is a sudden brightening of the aurora on the nightside. Simultaneously, the auroral electrojets are...

Authors: Yusuke Ebihara

Drastic effect of shearing on graphite microtexture: attention and application to Earth science

The microtexture of graphite exposed on the polished surface was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, and focused ion beam–transmission electron microscopy (FIB–TEM) to e...

Authors: Yui Kouketsu, Akira Miyake, Yohei Igami, Tomoki Taguchi, Hiroyuki Kagi and Masaki Enami

Paleoceanographic changes in the Northern East China Sea during the last 400 kyr as inferred from radiolarian assemblages (IODP Site U1429)

The East China Sea (ECS) is a shallow marginal sea that is sensitive to glacio-eustatic sea-level changes and is influenced by warm oligotrophic water of the Kuroshio Current (KC), the nutrient-rich Taiwan War...

Authors: Kenji M. Matsuzaki, Takuya Itaki and Ryuji Tada

Correction to: A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

In the original version of this article (Kunkelova et al. 2018), published on 18 December 2018, there was 1 error in the author name of Dr. Yu.

Authors: Tereza Kunkelova, Simon J. A. Jung, Erica S. de Leau, Nick Odling, Alex L. Thomas, Christian Betzler, Gregor P. Eberli, Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian, Montserrat Alonso-García, Or M. Bialik, Clara L. Blättler, Junhua Adam Guo, Sébastien Haffen, Senay Horozal, Anna Ling Hui Mee, Mayuri Inoue…

Regionality of long-term trends and interannual variation of seasonal precipitation over India

This study investigated the long-term trends and interannual variations (IAVs) of seasonal precipitation during two different periods in India and their relation to atmospheric circulation. To focus on the rel...

Authors: Azusa Fukushima, Hironari Kanamori and Jun Matsumoto

Segmentation of dust storm areas on Mars images using principal component analysis and neural network

We present a method for automated segmentation of dust storm areas on Mars images observed by an orbiter. We divide them into small patches. Normal basis vectors are obtained from the many small patches by pri...

Authors: Ryusei Gichu and Kazunori Ogohara

Enhanced flux of extraterrestrial ³He across the Permian–Triassic boundary

The ca 252 Ma Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) represents the most severe mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic, with the disappearance of ~ 80% of marine invertebrate species. Large-scale eruption of the Siber...

Authors: Tetsuji Onoue, Naoto Takahata, Mitsutaka Miura, Honami Sato, Akira Ishikawa, Katsuhito Soda, Yuji Sano and Yukio Isozaki

Australian Summer Monsoon variability in the past 14,000 years revealed by IODP Expedition 356 sediments

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 356 Site U1461 cored a Miocene to Holocene sedimentary sequence in the upper bathyal carbonate offshore northwestern Australia (NWA). The siliciclast...

Authors: Takeshige Ishiwa, Yusuke Yokoyama, Lars Reuning, Cecilia M. McHugh, David De Vleeschouwer and Stephen J. Gallagher

Simulation study of near-Earth space disturbances: 1. magnetic storms

A magnetic storm is the world-wide geomagnetic disturbance taking place in near-Earth space environment, lasting for a few days. Geomagnetic fields can be depressed by ~ 1% on the ground for large magnetic sto...

Authors: Yusuke Ebihara

In situ investigation of stone heritage sites for conservation purposes: a case study of the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden in Hungary

This paper demonstrates the application of in situ diagnostic tools to document stone heritage sites prior to conservation interventions using a Medieval ruin of Central Europe (Székesfehérvár, Hungary). The a...

Authors: Magdalini Theodoridou and Ákos Török

Large tsunamis reset growth of massive corals

Corals at Ishigaki Island, Japan, are characterized by their high species diversity. Not only are they struck by storm waves generated annually by typhoons, the corals, especially the massive ones, in the frin...

Authors: Kazuhisa Goto, Chuki Hongo, Masashi Watanabe, Keitaro Miyazawa and Akifumi Hisamatsu

Ionospheric responses to the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse by using data assimilation approach

Using the physics-based thermosphere-ionosphere model (NCAR-TIEGCM) with an ensemble Kalman filter, this study reports the first data assimilative analysis of the ionosphere responses to the solar eclipse on 2...

Authors: Chia-Hung Chen, Chien-Hung Charles Lin and Tomoko Matsuo

Simple evaluation of the degradation state of cultural heritage based on multi-view stereo

In this study, degradation of cultural heritage is discussed based on the comparison between the present shape of the Wareishi Rock Cliff Sculpture and its replica made 30 years ago through simple three-dimens...

Authors: Nobuaki Kuchitsu, Masayuki Morii, Shuji Sakai and Hiroki Unten

Day-to-day and short-term variabilities in the equatorial plasma bubble/spread F irregularity seeding and development

The background ionospheric conditions shaped by sunset electrodynamic processes are responsible for the development of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB)/equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities of the post-sunset...

Authors: Mangalathayil Ali Abdu

Influence of microclimate on the directional dependence of sandstone pillar weathering in Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia

Angkor Wat temple, mainly composed of sandstone blocks, displays a type of religious architecture that signifies the worldviews of the Khmer and Hindu religions. The temple is a part of a UNESCO World Heritage...

Authors: Tetsuya Waragai and Yusuke Hiki

Using a climate-to-fishery model to simulate the influence of the 1976–1977 regime shift on anchovy and sardine in the California Current System

The influence of the well-known 1976–1977 regime shift on the Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and the Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) populations in the California Current System (CCS) is investigated u...

Authors: Haruka Nishikawa, Enrique N. Curchitser, Jerome Fiechter, Kenneth A. Rose and Kate Hedstrom

Thermal maturity structures in an accretionary wedge by a numerical simulation

This study investigates the thermal maturity structure of the accretionary wedge along with the thermal history of sediments during wedge formation using a numerical simulation. The thermal maturity, which is ...

Authors: Ayumu Miyakawa, Masataka Kinoshita, Yohei Hamada and Makoto Otsubo

Geometrical dependence on the stress and slip tendency acting on the subduction megathrust of the Nankai seismogenic zone off Kumano

We assess the dependence of megathrust geometry near the updip edge of the Nankai seismogenic zone according to the slip tendency of the megathrust based on a reprocessed 3D PSDM seismic volume image and Inter...

Authors: Masataka Kinoshita, Kazuya Shiraishi, Evi Demetriou, Yoshitaka Hashimoto and Weiren Lin

Pliocene integrated chronostratigraphy from the Anno Formation, Awa Group, Boso Peninsula, central Japan, and its paleoceanographic implications

The Pliocene climate is one of the best analogs for the climate of a globally warmer future. Here, we present a new Pliocene integrated chronostratigraphy from the Anno Formation in the uppermost Awa Group, wh...

Authors: Yuki Haneda and Makoto Okada

Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO₂ world “hot house”

The CO₂ concentration of air has increased over the last two centuries and recently surpassed 400 ppm. Carbon cycle models project CO₂ concentrations of 720 to 1000 ppm for the IPCC intermediate scenario (RCP 6.0...

Authors: Hodaka Kawahata, Kazuhiko Fujita, Akira Iguchi, Mayuri Inoue, Shinya Iwasaki, Azumi Kuroyanagi, Ayumi Maeda, Takuya Manaka, Kazuyoshi Moriya, Haruka Takagi, Takashi Toyofuku, Toshihiro Yoshimura and Atsushi Suzuki

Estimate of the contraction rate of central Japan through the deformation of the Philippine Sea slab

The Philippine Sea (PHS) slab is severely deformed beneath central Japan, but it is subject to little deformation before the subduction along the Nankai Trough. Thus, it is considered that the currently observ...

Authors: Yukitoshi Fukahata

Paleo-stress orientations and magnitudes from triaxial testing and stress inversion analysis in Nankai accretionary prism sediments

Combined knowledge on the magnitude as well as the orientation of paleo-stress is usually not given. Based on drilling investigations and laboratory experiments, we are able to provide both, constraints on pal...

Authors: Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Michael Stipp, Jonathan C. Lewis and Frank Wuttke

Cyclostratigraphy of the Late Miocene to Pliocene sediments at IODP sites U1425 and U1430 in the Japan Sea and paleoceanographic implications

High-resolution studies of sedimentary sequences have reconstructed paleoceanographic changes in the Atlantic and southern and equatorial Pacific Oceans during the Late Miocene and Pliocene, but comparable ana...

Authors: Shunsuke Kurokawa, Ryuji Tada, Kenji M. Matsuzaki, Tomohisa Irino and Lofi Johanna

High-resolution Quaternary record of marine organic carbon content in the hemipelagic sediments of the Japan Sea from bromine counts measured by XRF core scanner

The marine organic carbon content in sediments is a useful tool for reconstructing past productivity in the ocean. Bromine has been proposed as a useful proxy for marine organic carbon, since bromine is more c...

Authors: Arisa Seki, Ryuji Tada, Shunsuke Kurokawa and Masafumi Murayama

Deep-float salinity data synthesis for deep ocean state estimation: method and impact

The importance of deep ocean observations has been recognized with regard to changes in the deep ocean such as global bottom-water warming. Therefore, sustainable deep ocean monitoring networks that use autono...

Authors: Shuhei Masuda, Satoshi Osafune and Tadashi Hemmi

Preface to the special issue “High-definition topographic and geophysical data in geosciences”

Authors: Yuichi S. Hayakawa, Thad A. Wasklewicz, Hiroyuki Obanawa and Shigekazu Kusumoto

Spatio-temporal changes in the seismic velocity induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and slow slip event revealed from seismic interferometry, using ocean bottom seismometer’s records

Seismic interferometry is one of the most effective techniques for detecting temporal variations in seismic velocity caused by large earthquakes. Before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (M_w9.0) near the Japan Trenc...

Authors: Miyuu Uemura, Yoshihiro Ito, Kazuaki Ohta, Ryota Hino and Masanao Shinohara

Deep learning approach for detecting tropical cyclones and their precursors in the simulation by a cloud-resolving global nonhydrostatic atmospheric model

We propose a deep learning approach for identifying tropical cyclones (TCs) and their precursors. Twenty year simulated outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) calculated using a cloud-resolving global atmospheric s...

Authors: Daisuke Matsuoka, Masuo Nakano, Daisuke Sugiyama and Seiichi Uchida

A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Indian-Asian monsoon has oscillated between warm/wet interglacial periods and cool/dry glacial periods with periodicities closely linked to variations in Earth’s orbital parameters. However, processes that con...

Authors: Tereza Kunkelova, Simon J. A. Jung, Erica S. de Leau, Nick Odling, Alex L. Thomas, Christian Betzler, Gregor P. Eberli, Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian, Montserrat Alonso-García, Or M. Bialik, Clara L. Blättler, Junhua Adam Guo, Sébastien Haffen, Senay Horozal, Anna Ling Hui Mee, Mayuri Inoue…

FTIR microspectroscopy of carbonaceous matter in ~ 3.5 Ga seafloor hydrothermal deposits in the North Pole area, Western Australia

Carbonaceous matter in ~ 3.5 Ga hydrothermal vein deposits from the Dresser Formation, Western Australia, was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Based on the spectroscopy, the ...

Authors: Motoko Igisu, Yuichiro Ueno and Ken Takai

A laboratory experiment on salt weathering by humidity change: salt damage induced by deliquescence and hydration

A laboratory experiment on salt weathering was carried out under changing humidity conditions. Three types of rock (tuff and dense and porous sandstone) with sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, or magnesium sulfa...

Authors: Masato Sato and Tsuyoshi Hattanji

Dynamic spectral characteristics of high-resolution simulated equatorial plasma bubbles

Manifestations of severe nighttime equatorial ionospheric disturbances have been observed for decades. It is generally accepted that the phenomena are caused by large depletions, referred to as equatorial plas...

Authors: Charles Rino, Tatsuhiro Yokoyama and Charles Carrano

Asteroid Ryugu before the Hayabusa2 encounter

Asteroid (162173) Ryugu is the target object of Hayabusa2, an asteroid exploration and sample return mission led by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Ground-based observations indicate that Ryugu is a...

Authors: Koji Wada, Matthias Grott, Patrick Michel, Kevin J. Walsh, Antonella M. Barucci, Jens Biele, Jürgen Blum, Carolyn M. Ernst, Jan Thimo Grundmann, Bastian Gundlach, Axel Hagermann, Maximilian Hamm, Martin Jutzi, Myung-Jin Kim, Ekkehard Kührt, Lucille Le Corre…

δ¹⁸O and SST signal decomposition and dynamic of the Pliocene-Pleistocene climate system: new insights on orbital nonlinear behavior vs. long-term trend

The global LR04 δ¹⁸O, the tropical ODP Site 846 sea surface temperature (SST), and the global ΔSST stack records were investigated using the advanced method for time-series decomposition singular spectrum analysi...

Authors: Paolo Viaggi

Mantle-derived fluids in the Nankai Trough Kumano forearc basin

Noble gas abundance and isotope data from 12 drilling mud gas samples obtained during IODP Expeditions 338 and 348 provide new insights on fluid origin and fluid migration in the inner accretionary prism below...

Authors: Thomas Wiersberg, Sebastian B. Hammerschmidt, Shigeshi Fuchida, Achim Kopf and Jörg Erzinger

Punctuated growth of an accretionary prism and the onset of a seismogenic megathrust in the Nankai Trough

Ocean drilling in the Nankai Trough forearc suggests a new scenario for the evolution of the Nankai subduction zone. Continuous subduction since the Late Cretaceous has been a common tectonic scenario, althoug...

Authors: Gaku Kimura, Hiroaki Koge and Takeshi Tsuji