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While knowledge of the energy inputs from the Sun (as it is the primary energy source) is important for understanding the solar-terrestrial system, of equal importance is the manner in which the terrestrial pa...
The global activities of typhoons and hurricanes are gradually changing, and these storms can drastically affect lake ecosystems through the recession of submerged macrophytes that regulate the water quality i...
The Correction to this article has been published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2021 8:64
This paper presents the results of a coordinated measurement campaign with ground based and satellite observations over European and Japanese regions during September 5–6, 2017. Two incoherent scatter radars, ...
The modern-day Tarim Basin is covered almost entirely by the Taklimakan sand desert and is one of the most arid regions in the world. Unraveling the aridification history of the desert is important for underst...
A recently developed energy flux diagnosis scheme, which incorporates a smooth connection between the tropical and subtropical zones, is used in the present study to investigate vertically propagating waves in...
Disentangling the temperature and depth of formation of fault rocks is critical for understanding their rheology, exhumation, and the evolution of fault zones. Estimation of fault rock temperatures mostly reli...
The original article was published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2021 8:30
The activity of stars such as the Sun varies over timescales ranging from the very short to the very long—stellar and planetary evolutionary timescales. Experience from our solar system indicates that short-te...
Terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are differentiated into three layers: a metallic core, a silicate shell (mantle and crust), and a volatile envelope of gases, ices, and, for the Earth, liq...
The geochemistry of calcifying marine organisms is an excellent proxy for reconstructing paleoceanographic history, but studies of hypercalcified demosponges (sclerosponges) are considerably fewer than those o...
Destructive landslides were triggered by the 6.7 Mw Eastern Iburi earthquake that struck southern Hokkaido, Japan, on 6 September 2018. Heavy rainfall on 4 September in addition to intermittent rainfall around th...
The ongoing increases in anthropogenic radiative forcing have changed the global water cycle and are expected to lead to more intense precipitation extremes and associated floods. However, given the limitation...
The Earth’s magnetosphere is region that is carved out by the solar wind as it flows past and interacts with the terrestrial magnetic field. The inner magnetosphere is the region that contains the plasmasphere...
Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia and is considered one of the most vulnerable cities to climate-related disasters, including flooding, sea-level rise, and storm surges. Therefore, the development of a flood...
The original article was published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2020 7:44
Salt weathering can cause substantial deterioration of natural rocks, building stones, masonry materials, monuments, and engineering structures. Nearly two centuries of salt weathering studies, both theoretica...
Ground-based remote sensing using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) was used to conduct continuous simultaneous observations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyd...
The Correction to this article has been published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2021 8:41
The fluctuating position of the boundary between the Kuroshio (warm) and Oyashio (cold) currents in the mid-latitude western North Pacific affects both heat transport and air–ocean interactions and has signifi...
This study conducted a field survey and multiproxy analyses on sediment cores retrieved from the Kobatake-ike pond in Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Kobatake-ike pond is located at a high elevation (i.e...
We investigated the compressional behavior of i-AlCuFe quasicrystal using diamond anvil cell under quasi-hydrostatic conditions by in situ angle-dispersive X-ray powder diffraction measurements (in both compre...
We present results of an effort to evaluate the ability of an analytic model to describe the behavior of the equatorial zonal plasma drifts given inputs provided by readily available climatological models of t...
The measurements of one of the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), are being made using dedicated satellite remote sensing since the launch of the greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT) by a three...
For the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climat...
Investigating organic compounds in marine sediments can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. Here, we present pilot study results of organic geochemical features of long-ch...
As wood pieces supplied by landslides and debris flows are one of the main components of ecological and geomorphic systems, the importance of quantifying the dimensions of the wood pieces is evident. However, ...
The Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various respon...
Recent studies using well density distributed borehole logs have revealed undulating topography at the bases of incised valleys formed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, from analysis of 470...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
The original article was published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2021 8:3
In the East Asian monsoon area, stalagmites generally record lower and higher oxygen isotope (δ18O) levels during warm humid interglacial and cold dry glacial periods, respectively. Here, we report unusually low ...
Soil Water Index (SWI) represents the conceptual water stored in the soil and is calculated using a three-layer tank model with hourly precipitation. In Japan, landslide disasters are likely to occur when SWI ...
Small water parcels, which are characterized by a low salinity and high dissolved oxygen (DO) are observed by Seaglider in the main thermocline (26.0–27.0 σθ) south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), have horizontal...
Examining the regularity in slip over seismic cycles leads to an understanding of earthquake recurrence and provides the basis for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Systematic analysis of three-dimensio...
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
The original article was published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2020 7:76
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 emitted a considerable amount of radioactive materials. This study isolated radiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs), a form of radioa...
Microplastic pollutes water, land, air, and groundwater environments not only visually but also ecologically for plants, animals, and humans. Microplastic has been reported to act as vectors by sorbing polluta...
Previous projections of the frequency of tropical cyclone genesis due to global warming, even in terms of sign of the change, depends on the chosen model simulation. Here, we systematically examine projected c...
The Chiba composite section (CbCS) in the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, central Japan is a thick and continuous marine succession that straddles the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary and the well-recognize...
We attempt to develop a possible theory of chemical fractionations in chondrites, that is consistent with various features of chondritic components and current observation of protoplanetary disks (PPD). Combin...
As basic data for seismic activity analysis, hypocenter catalogs need to be accurate, complete, homogeneous, and consistent. Therefore, clarifying systematic errors in catalogs is an important discipline of se...
In this study, we developed two high-resolution future ocean regional projection datasets for coastal applications in Japan, in which we made use of dynamical downscaling via regional ocean models with atmosph...
Ground subsidence in urban areas is a significant problem because it increases flood risk, damages buildings and infrastructure, and results in economic loss. Continual monitoring of ground deformation is impo...
Climate change will have a significant impact on the water cycle and will lead to severe environmental problems and disasters in humid tropical river basins. Examples include river basins in Sumatra Island, In...
The application of soft computing (SC) models for predicting environmental variables is widely gaining popularity, because of their capability to describe complex non-linear processes. The sea surface temperat...
This study aims to create a terrain classification of Japan that allows both geomorphological and geoengineering classifications coexist without large contradictions and to distinguish landform elements even i...
The Correction to this article has been published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2021 8:19
The southwestern Ryukyu Trench represents the ultimate sink of sediments shed from Taiwan into the Philippine Sea, which are mainly transported to the trench by turbidity currents via submarine canyons. Here, ...
Knowledge of lithospheric strength can help to understand the internal structure and evolution of the terrestrial planets, as surface topography and gravity fields are controlled mainly by deformational featur...
In extreme event attribution, which aims to answer whether and to what extent a particular extreme weather event can be attributed to global warming, the probability of an event is generally estimated through ...
Ensembles of climate change projections created by general circulation models (GCMs) with high resolution are increasingly needed to develop adaptation strategies for regional climate change. The Meteorologica...
Oceans on Earth are present as a result of dynamic equilibrium between degassing and regassing through the interaction with Earth’s interior. We review mineral physics, geophysical, and geochemical studies rel...
The Correction to this article has been published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2021 8:14
