6. Interdisciplinary research

Paleoceanography of the northwestern Pacific across the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary (Marine Isotope Stages 20–18)

The fluctuating position of the boundary between the Kuroshio (warm) and Oyashio (cold) currents in the mid-latitude western North Pacific affects both heat transport and air–ocean interactions and has signifi...

Authors: Yoshimi Kubota, Yuki Haneda, Koji Kameo, Takuya Itaki, Hiroki Hayashi, Kizuku Shikoku, Kentaro Izumi, Martin J. Head, Yusuke Suganuma and Makoto Okada

Three thousand year paleo-tsunami history of the southern part of the Japan Trench

This study conducted a field survey and multiproxy analyses on sediment cores retrieved from the Kobatake-ike pond in Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Kobatake-ike pond is located at a high elevation (i.e...

Authors: Hokuto Higaki, Kazuhisa Goto, Hideaki Yanagisawa, Daisuke Sugawara and Takashi Ishizawa

Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems: a review toward integrating Earth–human systems

For the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climat...

Authors: Kaoru Tachiiri, Xuanming Su and Ken’ichi Matsumoto

A potential suite of climate markers of long-chain n-alkanes and alkenones preserved in the top sediments from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

Investigating organic compounds in marine sediments can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. Here, we present pilot study results of organic geochemical features of long-ch...

Authors: Xin Chen, Xiaodong Liu, Da-Cheng Lin, Jianjun Wang, Liqi Chen, Pai-Sen Yu, Linmiao Wang, Zhifang Xiong and Min-Te Chen

Stalagmite evidence for East Asian winter monsoon variability and ¹⁸O-depleted surface water in the Japan Sea during the last glacial period

In the East Asian monsoon area, stalagmites generally record lower and higher oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) levels during warm humid interglacial and cold dry glacial periods, respectively. Here, we report unusually low ...

Authors: Shota Amekawa, Kenji Kashiwagi, Masako Hori, Tomomi Sone, Hirokazu Kato, Tomoyo Okumura, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen and Akihiro Kano

Multiproxy sedimentological and geochemical analyses across the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary: chemostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Chiba composite section, central Japan

The Chiba composite section (CbCS) in the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, central Japan is a thick and continuous marine succession that straddles the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary and the well-recognize...

Authors: Kentaro Izumi, Yuki Haneda, Yusuke Suganuma, Makoto Okada, Yoshimi Kubota, Naohisa Nishida, Moto Kawamata and Takuya Matsuzaki

X-ray fluorescence core scanning, magnetic signatures, and organic geochemistry analyses of Ryukyu Trench sediments: turbidites and hemipelagites

The southwestern Ryukyu Trench represents the ultimate sink of sediments shed from Taiwan into the Philippine Sea, which are mainly transported to the trench by turbidity currents via submarine canyons. Here, ...

Authors: Kan-Hsi Hsiung, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Ken Ikehara, Kazuko Usami, Chorng-Shern Horng, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Nanako O. Ogawa, Saneatsu Saito and Masafumi Murayama

In situ occurrence of Muong Nong-type Australasian tektite fragments from the Quaternary deposits near Huai Om, northeastern Thailand

There are several reports of Australasian tektites found within a stratum called “laterite” layer widely distributed in Indochina. However, it has been debated whether these tektites are in situ or reworked. T...

Authors: Toshihiro Tada, Ryuji Tada, Praphas Chansom, Wickanet Songtham, Paul A. Carling and Eiichi Tajika

Identification of hydrogeological evolution using hydrogeology-seismology analysis of groundwater head fluctuation related to the 1999 M_W = 7.5 Chi-Chi earthquake

At 1:47 a.m. on September 21, 1999, the M_w 7.5 Chi-Chi earthquake struck Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to (1) apply multiple spatiotemporal-frequency analysis to filter the post-seismic change in groundwat...

Authors: Chien-Lin Huang, Nien-Sheng Hsu, Chun-Hao Yao and Gene J.-Y. You

Visualization of the morphology and mode of occurrence of Cenomanian rudists within a drillcore by X-ray CT scanning and 3D modeling

Rudists are a group of bizarrely shaped marine bivalves that lived in the Tethys Ocean from the Late Jurassic to the latest Cretaceous. They are morphologically variable, including snail-like, cup-like, and ho...

Authors: Motoyoshi Yamanaka, Shin-ichi Sano, Hamad Bu Alrougha Al Zaabi, Hiroshi Fujioka and Yasufumi Iryu

Millennium time-scale experiments on climate-carbon cycle with doubled CO₂ concentration

Earth system models (ESMs) are commonly used for simulating the climate–carbon (C) cycle and for projecting future global warming. While ESMs are most often applied to century-long climate simulations, millenn...

Authors: Tomohiro Hajima, Akitomo Yamamoto, Michio Kawamiya, Xuanming Su, Michio Watanabe, Rumi Ohgaito and Hiroaki Tatebe

Mapping simulated circum-Arctic organic carbon, ground ice, and vulnerability of ice-rich permafrost to degradation

Permafrost is a large reservoir of soil organic carbon, accounting for about half of all the terrestrial storage, almost equivalent to twice the atmospheric carbon storage. Hence, permafrost degradation under ...

Authors: Kazuyuki Saito, Hirokazu Machiya, Go Iwahana, Hiroshi Ohno and Tokuta Yokohata

Development of a system for efficient content-based retrieval to analyze large volumes of climate data

Analyses of large ensemble data on future climate are significantly useful for the probabilistic future projection of climate change in various interdisciplinary fields. However, the data volume of the Databas...

Authors: Yujin Nakagawa, Yosuke Onoue, Shitnaro Kawahara, Fumiaki Araki, Koji Koyamada, Daisuke Matsuoka, Yoichi Ishikawa, Mikiko Fujita, Shiori Sugimoto, Yasuko Okada, Sho Kawazoe, Shingo Watanabe, Masayoshi Ishii, Ryo Mizuta, Akihiko Murata and Hiroaki Kawase

Coupling library Jcup3: its philosophy and application

In this paper, we describe the design of the coupling library, Jcup, and report its various applications, including the coupling between global atmospheric and oceanic models of different grid systems. Jcup is...

Authors: Takashi Arakawa, Takahiro Inoue, Hisashi Yashiro and Masaki Satoh

Provenance changes in fine detrital quartz in the inner shelf sediments of the East China Sea associated with shifts in the East Asian summer monsoon front during the last 6 kyrs

The inner shelf sediments of the East China Sea (ECS) preserve valuable information regarding climatic changes on land through detrital material discharged from large rivers, particularly the Yangtze River. In...

Authors: Ke Wang, Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng, Tomohisa Irino, Bin Zhou and Keita Saito

Litho-, bio-, and chemostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic carbonate succession in the North-Central Coast Region of Vietnam

Middle Triassic carbonates extend from the North-Central Coast region of Vietnam to northern Laos. We conducted sedimentological, paleontological, and geochemical analyses on the carbonates of the Hoang Mai Fo...

Authors: Thuy Thi Nhu Ha, Hideko Takayanagi, Katsumi Ueno, Yoshihiro Asahara, Koshi Yamamoto and Yasufumi Iryu

Freeze-thaw durability of repair mortars and porous limestone: compatibility issues

Freeze-thaw cycles can cause considerable damage to porous materials and thus have an adverse effect on the durability of mortars and porous stone. To assess the behavior and frost resistance of two types of p...

Authors: Ákos Török and Balázs Szemerey-Kiss

Millennial-scale variability of East Asian summer monsoon inferred from sea surface salinity in the northern East China Sea (ECS) and its impact on the Japan Sea during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3

Color alternations in deep-sea sediment in the Japan Sea have been thought to be linked to millennial-scale variations in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycl...

Authors: Yoshimi Kubota, Katsunori Kimoto, Ryuji Tada, Masao Uchida and Ken Ikehara

Morphometric measurements of bedrock rivers at different spatial scales and applications to geomorphological heritage research

Morphometric characterisation is particularly relevant in the study of geomorphological heritage. 3D modelling techniques have been proven as very useful tools to recognise, characterise and valorise geomorpho...

Authors: Miguel Gomez-Heras, Jose A. Ortega-Becerril, Julio Garrote, Rafael Fort and Laura Lopez-Gonzalez

Vertical profiles of arsenic and arsenic species transformations in deep-sea sediment, Nankai Trough, offshore Japan

Concentrations of arsenic (As) and its chemical forms were determined on deep-sea sediments drilled at three sites of Nankai Trough, off the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Those sediments were analyzed to document the ...

Authors: Harue Masuda, Haruka Yoshinishi, Shigeshi Fuchida, Tomohiro Toki and Emilie Even

Correction to: A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

In the original version of this article (Kunkelova et al. 2018), published on 18 December 2018, there was 1 error in the author name of Dr. Yu.

Authors: Tereza Kunkelova, Simon J. A. Jung, Erica S. de Leau, Nick Odling, Alex L. Thomas, Christian Betzler, Gregor P. Eberli, Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian, Montserrat Alonso-García, Or M. Bialik, Clara L. Blättler, Junhua Adam Guo, Sébastien Haffen, Senay Horozal, Anna Ling Hui Mee, Mayuri Inoue…

Enhanced flux of extraterrestrial ³He across the Permian–Triassic boundary

The ca 252 Ma Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) represents the most severe mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic, with the disappearance of ~ 80% of marine invertebrate species. Large-scale eruption of the Siber...

Authors: Tetsuji Onoue, Naoto Takahata, Mitsutaka Miura, Honami Sato, Akira Ishikawa, Katsuhito Soda, Yuji Sano and Yukio Isozaki

Australian Summer Monsoon variability in the past 14,000 years revealed by IODP Expedition 356 sediments

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 356 Site U1461 cored a Miocene to Holocene sedimentary sequence in the upper bathyal carbonate offshore northwestern Australia (NWA). The siliciclast...

Authors: Takeshige Ishiwa, Yusuke Yokoyama, Lars Reuning, Cecilia M. McHugh, David De Vleeschouwer and Stephen J. Gallagher

In situ investigation of stone heritage sites for conservation purposes: a case study of the Székesfehérvár Ruin Garden in Hungary

This paper demonstrates the application of in situ diagnostic tools to document stone heritage sites prior to conservation interventions using a Medieval ruin of Central Europe (Székesfehérvár, Hungary). The a...

Authors: Magdalini Theodoridou and Ákos Török

Simple evaluation of the degradation state of cultural heritage based on multi-view stereo

In this study, degradation of cultural heritage is discussed based on the comparison between the present shape of the Wareishi Rock Cliff Sculpture and its replica made 30 years ago through simple three-dimens...

Authors: Nobuaki Kuchitsu, Masayuki Morii, Shuji Sakai and Hiroki Unten

Influence of microclimate on the directional dependence of sandstone pillar weathering in Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia

Angkor Wat temple, mainly composed of sandstone blocks, displays a type of religious architecture that signifies the worldviews of the Khmer and Hindu religions. The temple is a part of a UNESCO World Heritage...

Authors: Tetsuya Waragai and Yusuke Hiki

Cyclostratigraphy of the Late Miocene to Pliocene sediments at IODP sites U1425 and U1430 in the Japan Sea and paleoceanographic implications

High-resolution studies of sedimentary sequences have reconstructed paleoceanographic changes in the Atlantic and southern and equatorial Pacific Oceans during the Late Miocene and Pliocene, but comparable ana...

Authors: Shunsuke Kurokawa, Ryuji Tada, Kenji M. Matsuzaki, Tomohisa Irino and Lofi Johanna

High-resolution Quaternary record of marine organic carbon content in the hemipelagic sediments of the Japan Sea from bromine counts measured by XRF core scanner

The marine organic carbon content in sediments is a useful tool for reconstructing past productivity in the ocean. Bromine has been proposed as a useful proxy for marine organic carbon, since bromine is more c...

Authors: Arisa Seki, Ryuji Tada, Shunsuke Kurokawa and Masafumi Murayama

A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Indian-Asian monsoon has oscillated between warm/wet interglacial periods and cool/dry glacial periods with periodicities closely linked to variations in Earth’s orbital parameters. However, processes that con...

Authors: Tereza Kunkelova, Simon J. A. Jung, Erica S. de Leau, Nick Odling, Alex L. Thomas, Christian Betzler, Gregor P. Eberli, Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian, Montserrat Alonso-García, Or M. Bialik, Clara L. Blättler, Junhua Adam Guo, Sébastien Haffen, Senay Horozal, Anna Ling Hui Mee, Mayuri Inoue…

Influence of substrate and temperature on the crystallization of KNO₃ droplets studied by infrared thermography

Salt crystallization is a major agent of deterioration in buildings, especially important when belonging to a city’s cultural heritage. The study of this process is therefore essential to understand the decay ...

Authors: Patricia Vazquez, Lucas Sartor and Céline Thomachot-Schneider

Role of the capillary fringe on the dilatation of a low porosity limestone submitted to unidirectional freezing

As a rule, usually only one face of the building stones of a monument is exposed to climatic variations. Penetration of temperature and humidity stress is unidirectional from the external surface while capilla...

Authors: Celine Thomachot-Schneider, Emilie Huby, Kevin Chalons, Xavier Drothière and Patricia Vazquez

Geophysical constraints on microbial biomass in subseafloor sediments and coal seams down to 2.5 km off Shimokita Peninsula, Japan

To understand the ability of microbial life to inhabit a deep subseafloor coalbed sedimentary basin, the correlation between fluid transport properties and the abundance of microbial cells was investigated bas...

Authors: Wataru Tanikawa, Osamu Tadai, Yuki Morono, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs and Fumio Inagaki

Biomass burning history in East Asia during the last 4 million years recorded in elemental carbon variability at IODP site U1423

The burning of trees and grasses produces charred particles, such as charcoal and soot, that can be transported over long distances via winds and rivers to coastal, deltaic, and ocean environments, where they ...

Authors: Song Lu, Tomohisa Irino and Yaeko Igarashi

Measuring offshore tsunami currents using ship navigation records

We investigated ship navigation records known as Automatic Identification System (AIS) data near the source region of the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, tsunami. The AIS data of 16 ships in the offshore navigation could ...

Authors: Daisuke Inazu, Tsuyoshi Ikeya, Takuji Waseda, Toshiyuki Hibiya and Yoshinori Shigihara

Construction of perfectly continuous records of physical properties for dark-light sediment sequences collected from the Japan Sea during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 346 and their potential utilities as paleoceanographic studies

Establishment of sedimentary sequence is essential for the interpretation of the sedimentary records. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition (Exp.) 346 drilled high-quality sediment archives with ...

Authors: Tomohisa Irino, Ryuji Tada, Ken Ikehara, Takuya Sagawa, Akinori Karasuda, Shunsuke Kurokawa, Arisa Seki and Song Lu

High-resolution and high-precision correlation of dark and light layers in the Quaternary hemipelagic sediments of the Japan Sea recovered during IODP Expedition 346

The Quaternary hemipelagic sediments of the Japan Sea are characterized by centimeter- to decimeter-scale alternation of dark and light clay to silty clay, which are bio-siliceous and/or bio-calcareous to a va...

Authors: Ryuji Tada, Tomohisa Irino, Ken Ikehara, Akinori Karasuda, Saiko Sugisaki, Chuang Xuan, Takuya Sagawa, Takuya Itaki, Yoshimi Kubota, Song Lu, Arisa Seki, Richard W. Murray, Carlos Alvarez-Zarikian, William T. Anderson Jr, Maria-Angela Bassetti, Bobbi J. Brace…

Integrated tephrostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy in the Japan Sea and East China Sea using IODP Sites U1426, U1427, and U1429, Expedition 346 Asian Monsoon

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 346 “Asian Monsoon” obtained sediment successions at seven sites in the Japan Sea (Sites U1422–U1427 and U1430) and at two closely located sites in the northern Eas...

Authors: Takuya Sagawa, Yoshitaka Nagahashi, Yasufumi Satoguchi, Ann Holbourn, Takuya Itaki, Stephen J. Gallagher, Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero, Ken Ikehara, Tomohisa Irino and Ryuji Tada

Refinement of Miocene sea level and monsoon events from the sedimentary archive of the Maldives (Indian Ocean)

International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 359 cored sediments from eight borehole locations in the carbonate platform of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. The expedition set out to unravel the ti...

Authors: C. Betzler, G. P. Eberli, T. Lüdmann, J. Reolid, D. Kroon, J. J. G. Reijmer, P. K. Swart, J. Wright, J. R. Young, C. Alvarez-Zarikian, M. Alonso-García, O. M. Bialik, C. L. Blättler, J. A. Guo, S. Haffen, S. Horozal…

Northern Eurasia Future Initiative (NEFI): facing the challenges and pathways of global change in the twenty-first century

During the past several decades, the Earth system has changed significantly, especially across Northern Eurasia. Changes in the socio-economic conditions of the larger countries in the region have also resulte...

Authors: Pavel Groisman, Herman Shugart, David Kicklighter, Geoffrey Henebry, Nadezhda Tchebakova, Shamil Maksyutov, Erwan Monier, Garik Gutman, Sergey Gulev, Jiaguo Qi, Alexander Prishchepov, Elena Kukavskaya, Boris Porfiriev, Alexander Shiklomanov, Tatiana Loboda, Nikolay Shiklomanov…

Cenozoic sedimentary records of climate-tectonic coupling in the Western Himalaya

Sedimentary archives in the Himalayan foreland basin and Indus submarine fan provide the most detailed records of how changing monsoon strength may have affected erosion and the development of tectonic structu...

Authors: Peter D. Clift

ESR signal intensity of quartz in the fine-silt fraction of riverbed sediments from the Yangtze River: a provenance tracer for suspended particulate matter

The Asian summer monsoon exerts a strong influence on the hydrologic cycle in East Asia. Moreover, the distribution of heavy precipitation in the Yangtze River basin, which covers a large area of South China, ...

Authors: Keita Saito, Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng, Tomohisa Irino, Chao Luo, Mengying He, Ke Wang and Yoshiaki Suzuki

Preface for the article collection “Land–Ocean Linkages under the Influence of the Asian Monsoon”

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Authors: Ryuji Tada and Richard W. Murray

Transitional changes in microfossil assemblages in the Japan Sea from the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene related to global climatic and local tectonic events

Many micropaleontological studies based on data from on-land sections, oil wells, and deep-sea drilling cores have provided important information about environmental changes in the Japan Sea that are related t...

Authors: Takuya Itaki

Mass accumulation rate of detrital materials in Lake Suigetsu as a potential proxy for heavy precipitation: a comparison of the observational precipitation and sedimentary record

In the densely populated region of East Asia, it is important to know the mechanism, scale, and frequency of heavy precipitation brought about during the monsoons and typhoons. However, observational data, whi...

Authors: Yoshiaki Suzuki, Ryuji Tada, Kazuyoshi Yamada, Tomohisa Irino, Kana Nagashima, Takeshi Nakagawa and Takayuki Omori

Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon and its potential linkage with uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau

Uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and its linkage with the evolution of the Asian monsoon has been regarded as a typical example of a tectonic–climate linkage. Although this linkage remains unpr...

Authors: Ryuji Tada, Hongbo Zheng and Peter D. Clift

Geochemical approaches to the quantification of dispersed volcanic ash in marine sediment

Volcanic ash has long been recognized in marine sediment, and given the prevalence of oceanic and continental arc volcanism around the globe in regard to widespread transport of ash, its presence is nearly ubi...

Authors: Rachel P. Scudder, Richard W. Murray, Julie C. Schindlbeck, Steffen Kutterolf, Folkmar Hauff, Michael B. Underwood, Samantha Gwizd, Rebecca Lauzon and Claire C. McKinley

Sea surface temperature proxies (alkenones, foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblage) and their implications in the Okinawa Trough

We reviewed three sea surface temperature (SST) proxies in the Okinawa Trough (OT): alkenones, planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. The seasonal and vertical distribution p...

Authors: Ryoung Ah Kim, Kyung Eun Lee and Si Woong Bae

Marine tephra in the Japan Sea sediments as a tool for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology

Tephra is a product of large and explosive volcanic events and can travel thousands of kilometers before deposition. Consequently, tephra deposits are common in terrestrial, lacustrine, marine, and glacial env...

Authors: Ken Ikehara

Heavy metal pollution in Ancient Nara, Japan, during the eighth century

We quantitatively investigated the eighth century heavy metal pollution in Heijo-kyo (Ancient Nara), the first large, international city of Japan. In this metropolis, mercury, copper, and lead levels in soil w...

Authors: Hodaka Kawahata, Shusuke Yamashita, Kyoko Yamaoka, Takashi Okai, Gen Shimoda and Noboru Imai

Erratum to: Invitation to Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Authors: Yasufumi Iryu