Articles

Natural and experimental high-pressure, shock-produced terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials

Hypervelocity impacts are among the fundamental phenomena occurring during the evolution of the solar system and are characterized by instantaneous ultrahigh pressure and temperature. Varied physicochemical ch...

Authors: Masaaki Miyahara, Naotaka Tomioka and Luca Bindi

Development of a snowdrift model with the lattice Boltzmann method

We developed a snowdrift model to evaluate the snowdrift height around snow fences, which are often installed along roads in snowy, windy locations. The model consisted of the conventional computational fluid ...

Authors: Seika Tanji, Masaru Inatsu and Tsubasa Okaze

Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24

This review article summarizes the advancement in the studies of Earth-affecting solar transients in the last decade that encompasses most of solar cycle 24. It is a part of the effort of the International Stu...

Authors: Jie Zhang, Manuela Temmer, Nat Gopalswamy, Olga Malandraki, Nariaki V. Nitta, Spiros Patsourakos, Fang Shen, Bojan Vršnak, Yuming Wang, David Webb, Mihir I. Desai, Karin Dissauer, Nina Dresing, Mateja Dumbović, Xueshang Feng, Stephan G. Heinemann…

An Almahata Sitta EL3 fragment: implications for the complex thermal history of enstatite chondrites

Almahata Sitta is a polymict breccia, consisting of many kinds of clasts. Here we present our mineralogical and petrological results on an EL3 fragment, MS-177 from Almahata Sitta. This fragment shows a typica...

Authors: M. Kimura, M. K. Weisberg, A. Takaki, N. Imae and A. Yamaguchi

Quantitative determination of the lowest density domain in major fault zones via medical X-ray computed tomography

Determination of the youngest active domains in fault zones that are not overlain by Quaternary sedimentary cover is critical for evaluating recent fault activity, determining the current local stress field, a...

Authors: Akiyuki Iwamori, Hideo Takagi, Nobutaka Asahi, Tatsuji Sugimori, Eiji Nakata, Shintaro Nohara and Keiichi Ueta

A three-dimensional atmospheric dispersion model for Mars

Atmospheric local-to-regional dispersion models are widely used on Earth to predict and study the effects of chemical species emitted into the atmosphere and to contextualize sparse data acquired at particular...

Authors: D. Viúdez-Moreiras

Regional-scale data assimilation with the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (SEIB-DGVM) over Siberia

This study examined the regional performance of a data assimilation (DA) system that couples the particle filter and the Spatially Explicit Individual-based Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (SEIB-DGVM). This DA...

Authors: Hazuki Arakida, Shunji Kotsuki, Shigenori Otsuka, Yohei Sawada and Takemasa Miyoshi

NanoSIMS and EPMA dating of lunar zirconolite

Zirconolite is a common Zr-rich accessary mineral in mafic rocks. It is also an ideal U–Pb/Pb–Pb chronometer because it commonly contains high U content (mostly 0.1–10 wt%) and negligible initial Pb. However, ...

Authors: Nian Wang, Qian Mao, Ting Zhang, Jialong Hao and Yangting Lin

Review of the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary and Marine Isotope Stage 19

The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) defining the base of the Chibanian Stage and Middle Pleistocene Subseries at the Chiba section, Japan, was ratified on January 17, 2020. Although this co...

Authors: Martin J. Head

Sedimentary facies analysis of the fluvial environment in the Siwalik Group of eastern Nepal: deciphering its relation to contemporary Himalayan tectonics, climate and sea-level change

The Siwalik Group, ranging from the Early Miocene to Pleistocene, is believed to be deposited in the fluvial environment and controlled by contemporary Himalayan tectonics and climate. In this study, we establ...

Authors: Lalit Kumar Rai and Kohki Yoshida

Paleoceanography and dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy across the Lower–Middle Pleistocene Subseries (Calabrian–Chibanian Stage) boundary at the Chiba composite section, Japan

A dinoflagellate cyst record from the highly resolved Chiba composite section in Japan has been used to reconstruct sea-surface paleoceanographic changes across the Lower–Middle Pleistocene Subseries (Calabria...

Authors: Eseroghene J. Balota, Martin J. Head, Makoto Okada, Yusuke Suganuma and Yuki Haneda

Role Of the Sun and the Middle atmosphere/thermosphere/ionosphere In Climate (ROSMIC): a retrospective and prospective view

While knowledge of the energy inputs from the Sun (as it is the primary energy source) is important for understanding the solar-terrestrial system, of equal importance is the manner in which the terrestrial pa...

Authors: William Ward, Annika Seppälä, Erdal Yiğit, Takuji Nakamura, Claudia Stolle, Jan Laštovička, Thomas N. Woods, Yoshihiro Tomikawa, Franz-Josef Lübken, Stanley C. Solomon, Daniel R. Marsh, Bernd Funke and Duggirala Pallamraju

High-resolution flow simulation in Typhoon 21, 2018: massive loss of submerged macrophytes in Lake Biwa

The global activities of typhoons and hurricanes are gradually changing, and these storms can drastically affect lake ecosystems through the recession of submerged macrophytes that regulate the water quality i...

Authors: Nakada Satoshi, Haga Hiroki, Iwaki Maho, Mabuchi Kohji and Takamura Noriko

Coupled investigations of ionosphere variations over European and Japanese regions: observations, comparative analysis, and validation of models and facilities

This paper presents the results of a coordinated measurement campaign with ground based and satellite observations over European and Japanese regions during September 5–6, 2017. Two incoherent scatter radars, ...

Authors: Sergii V. Panasenko, Dmytro V. Kotov, Yuichi Otsuka, Mamoru Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Philip G. Richards, Vladimir Truhlik, Oleksandr V. Bogomaz, Maryna O. Shulha, Taras G. Zhivolup and Igor F. Domnin

Relationship between tectonism and desertification inferred from provenance and lithofacies changes in the Cenozoic terrestrial sequence of the southwestern Tarim Basin

The modern-day Tarim Basin is covered almost entirely by the Taklimakan sand desert and is one of the most arid regions in the world. Unraveling the aridification history of the desert is important for underst...

Authors: Aki Sakuma, Ryuji Tada, Tomohiro Yoshida, Hitoshi Hasegawa, Naomi Sugiura, Akinori Karasuda, Ke Wang and Hongbo Zheng

The vertical structure of annual wave energy flux in the tropical Indian Ocean

A recently developed energy flux diagnosis scheme, which incorporates a smooth connection between the tropical and subtropical zones, is used in the present study to investigate vertically propagating waves in...

Authors: Zimeng Li, Hidenori Aiki, Motoki Nagura and Tomomichi Ogata

Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry of fault rocks and its possibilities: tectonic implications from calcites within Himalayan Frontal Fold-Thrust Belt

Disentangling the temperature and depth of formation of fault rocks is critical for understanding their rheology, exhumation, and the evolution of fault zones. Estimation of fault rock temperatures mostly reli...

Authors: Dyuti Prakash Sarkar, Jun-ichi Ando, Akihiro Kano, Hirokazu Kato, Gautam Ghosh and Kaushik Das

Correction to: Preface for “Projection and impact assessment of global change”

Authors: Michio Kawamiya, Masayoshi Ishii, Nobuhito Mori, Eiichi Nakakita, Izuru Takayabu and Masahiro Watanabe

Solar evolution and extrema: current state of understanding of long-term solar variability and its planetary impacts

The activity of stars such as the Sun varies over timescales ranging from the very short to the very long—stellar and planetary evolutionary timescales. Experience from our solar system indicates that short-te...

Authors: Dibyendu Nandy, Petrus C. H. Martens, Vladimir Obridko, Soumyaranjan Dash and Katya Georgieva

Terrestrial planet compositions controlled by accretion disk magnetic field

Terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are differentiated into three layers: a metallic core, a silicate shell (mantle and crust), and a volatile envelope of gases, ices, and, for the Earth, liq...

Authors: William F. McDonough and Takashi Yoshizaki

Reconstruction of ocean environment time series since the late nineteenth century using sclerosponge geochemistry in the northwestern subtropical Pacific

The geochemistry of calcifying marine organisms is an excellent proxy for reconstructing paleoceanographic history, but studies of hypercalcified demosponges (sclerosponges) are considerably fewer than those o...

Authors: Ryuji Asami, Taketo Matsumori, Ryuichi Shinjo, Ryu Uemura, Yuki Miyaoka, Masaru Mizuyama, Yuji Ise and Takashi Sakamaki

Mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of halloysite-bearing slip surface material from a landslide during the 2018 Eastern Iburi earthquake, Hokkaido

Destructive landslides were triggered by the 6.7 M_w Eastern Iburi earthquake that struck southern Hokkaido, Japan, on 6 September 2018. Heavy rainfall on 4 September in addition to intermittent rainfall around th...

Authors: Jun Kameda

Anthropogenic climate change has changed frequency of past flood during 2010-2013

The ongoing increases in anthropogenic radiative forcing have changed the global water cycle and are expected to lead to more intense precipitation extremes and associated floods. However, given the limitation...

Authors: Yukiko Hirabayashi, Haireti Alifu, Dai Yamazaki, Yukiko Imada, Hideo Shiogama and Yuki Kimura

Dynamics of the terrestrial radiation belts: a review of recent results during the VarSITI (Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact) era, 2014–2018

The Earth’s magnetosphere is region that is carved out by the solar wind as it flows past and interacts with the terrestrial magnetic field. The inner magnetosphere is the region that contains the plasmasphere...

Authors: Shrikanth Kanekal and Yoshizumi Miyoshi

Flood inundation simulations based on GSMaP satellite rainfall data in Jakarta, Indonesia

Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia and is considered one of the most vulnerable cities to climate-related disasters, including flooding, sea-level rise, and storm surges. Therefore, the development of a flood...

Authors: Bambang Adhi Priyambodoho, Shuichi Kure, Ryuusei Yagi and Nurul Fajar Januriyadi

Correction to: A full sequence of the Matuyama–Brunhes geomagnetic reversal in the Chiba composite section, Central Japan

Authors: Yuki Haneda, Makoto Okada, Yusuke Suganuma and Takahiro Kitamura

A review of theoretical salt weathering studies for stone heritage

Salt weathering can cause substantial deterioration of natural rocks, building stones, masonry materials, monuments, and engineering structures. Nearly two centuries of salt weathering studies, both theoretica...

Authors: Chiaki T. Oguchi and Swe Yu

Continuous multi-component MAX-DOAS observations for the planetary boundary layer ozone variation analysis at Chiba and Tsukuba, Japan, from 2013 to 2019

Ground-based remote sensing using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) was used to conduct continuous simultaneous observations of ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and formaldehyd...

Authors: Hitoshi Irie, Daichi Yonekawa, Alessandro Damiani, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo and Syuichi Itahashi

Preface for “Projection and impact assessment of global change”

Authors: Michio Kawamiya, Masayoshi Ishii, Nobuhito Mori, Eiichi Nakakita, Izuru Takayabu and Masahiro Watanabe

Paleoceanography of the northwestern Pacific across the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary (Marine Isotope Stages 20–18)

The fluctuating position of the boundary between the Kuroshio (warm) and Oyashio (cold) currents in the mid-latitude western North Pacific affects both heat transport and air–ocean interactions and has signifi...

Authors: Yoshimi Kubota, Yuki Haneda, Koji Kameo, Takuya Itaki, Hiroki Hayashi, Kizuku Shikoku, Kentaro Izumi, Martin J. Head, Yusuke Suganuma and Makoto Okada

Three thousand year paleo-tsunami history of the southern part of the Japan Trench

This study conducted a field survey and multiproxy analyses on sediment cores retrieved from the Kobatake-ike pond in Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Kobatake-ike pond is located at a high elevation (i.e...

Authors: Hokuto Higaki, Kazuhisa Goto, Hideaki Yanagisawa, Daisuke Sugawara and Takashi Ishizawa

Can quasicrystals survive in planetary collisions?

We investigated the compressional behavior of i-AlCuFe quasicrystal using diamond anvil cell under quasi-hydrostatic conditions by in situ angle-dispersive X-ray powder diffraction measurements (in both compre...

Authors: Vincenzo Stagno, Luca Bindi, Sota Takagi and Atsushi Kyono

On a simple, data-aided analytic description of the morphology of equatorial F-region zonal plasma drifts

We present results of an effort to evaluate the ability of an analytic model to describe the behavior of the equatorial zonal plasma drifts given inputs provided by readily available climatological models of t...

Authors: Samuel A. Shidler and Fabiano S. Rodrigues

Evaluation of earth system model and atmospheric inversion using total column CO₂ observations from GOSAT and OCO-2

The measurements of one of the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO₂), are being made using dedicated satellite remote sensing since the launch of the greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT) by a three...

Authors: Prabir K. Patra, Tomohiro Hajima, Ryu Saito, Naveen Chandra, Yukio Yoshida, Kazuhito Ichii, Michio Kawamiya, Masayuki Kondo, Akihiko Ito and David Crisp

Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems: a review toward integrating Earth–human systems

For the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climat...

Authors: Kaoru Tachiiri, Xuanming Su and Ken’ichi Matsumoto

A potential suite of climate markers of long-chain n-alkanes and alkenones preserved in the top sediments from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

Investigating organic compounds in marine sediments can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. Here, we present pilot study results of organic geochemical features of long-ch...

Authors: Xin Chen, Xiaodong Liu, Da-Cheng Lin, Jianjun Wang, Liqi Chen, Pai-Sen Yu, Linmiao Wang, Zhifang Xiong and Min-Te Chen

Comparison of length and dynamics of wood pieces in streams covered with coniferous and broadleaf forests mapped using orthophotos acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle

As wood pieces supplied by landslides and debris flows are one of the main components of ecological and geomorphic systems, the importance of quantifying the dimensions of the wood pieces is evident. However, ...

Authors: Haruka Tsunetaka, Slim Mtibaa, Shiho Asano, Takashi Okamoto and Ushio Kurokawa

A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

The Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various respon...

Authors: Kazuo Shiokawa and Katya Georgieva

Formation of undulating topography and gravel beds at the bases of incised valleys: Last Glacial Maximum examples beneath the lowlands facing Tokyo Bay

Recent studies using well density distributed borehole logs have revealed undulating topography at the bases of incised valleys formed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, from analysis of 470...

Authors: Susumu Tanabe and Yoshiro Ishihara

Correction to: Classification of topography for ground vulnerability assessment of alluvial plains and mountains of Japan using 30 m DEM

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Junko Iwahashi, Dai Yamazaki, Takayuki Nakano and Ryo Endo

Stalagmite evidence for East Asian winter monsoon variability and ¹⁸O-depleted surface water in the Japan Sea during the last glacial period

In the East Asian monsoon area, stalagmites generally record lower and higher oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) levels during warm humid interglacial and cold dry glacial periods, respectively. Here, we report unusually low ...

Authors: Shota Amekawa, Kenji Kashiwagi, Masako Hori, Tomomi Sone, Hirokazu Kato, Tomoyo Okumura, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen and Akihiro Kano

Application of Soil Water Index to landslide prediction in snowy regions: sensitivity analysis in Japan and preliminary results from Tomsk, Russia

Soil Water Index (SWI) represents the conceptual water stored in the soil and is calculated using a three-layer tank model with hourly precipitation. In Japan, landslide disasters are likely to occur when SWI ...

Authors: Hiroshi Matsuyama, Hitoshi Saito and Valerii Zemtsov

Rapid water parcel transport across the Kuroshio Extension in the lower thermocline from dissolved oxygen measurements by Seaglider

Small water parcels, which are characterized by a low salinity and high dissolved oxygen (DO) are observed by Seaglider in the main thermocline (26.0–27.0 σ_θ) south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), have horizontal...

Authors: Shigeki Hosoda, Ryuichiro Inoue, Masami Nonaka, Hideharu Sasaki, Yoshikazu Sasai and Mizue Hirano

Evaluating variability in coseismic slips of paleoearthquakes from an incomplete slip history: an example from displaced terrace flights across the Kamishiro fault, central Japan

Examining the regularity in slip over seismic cycles leads to an understanding of earthquake recurrence and provides the basis for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Systematic analysis of three-dimensio...

Authors: Naoya Takahashi and Shinji Toda

Correction to: Deep mantle melting, global water circulation and its implications for the stability of the ocean mass

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Shun-ichiro Karato, Bijaya Karki and Jeffrey Park

Widespread distribution of radiocesium-bearing microparticles over the greater Kanto Region resulting from the Fukushima nuclear accident

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 emitted a considerable amount of radioactive materials. This study isolated radiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs), a form of radioa...

Authors: Yoshinari Abe, Seika Onozaki, Izumi Nakai, Kouji Adachi, Yasuhito Igarashi, Yasuji Oura, Mitsuru Ebihara, Takafumi Miyasaka, Hisashi Nakamura, Keisuke Sueki, Haruo Tsuruta and Yuichi Moriguchi

Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Microplastic pollutes water, land, air, and groundwater environments not only visually but also ecologically for plants, animals, and humans. Microplastic has been reported to act as vectors by sorbing polluta...

Authors: Tan Suet May Amelia, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Meng Chuan Ong, Yi Ta Shao, Hui-Juan Pan and Kesaven Bhubalan

Evaluation of the contribution of tropical cyclone seeds to changes in tropical cyclone frequency due to global warming in high-resolution multi-model ensemble simulations

Previous projections of the frequency of tropical cyclone genesis due to global warming, even in terms of sign of the change, depends on the chosen model simulation. Here, we systematically examine projected c...

Authors: Yohei Yamada, Chihiro Kodama, Masaki Satoh, Masato Sugi, Malcolm J. Roberts, Ryo Mizuta, Akira T. Noda, Tomoe Nasuno, Masuo Nakano and Pier Luigi Vidale

Multiproxy sedimentological and geochemical analyses across the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary: chemostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Chiba composite section, central Japan

The Chiba composite section (CbCS) in the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, central Japan is a thick and continuous marine succession that straddles the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary and the well-recognize...

Authors: Kentaro Izumi, Yuki Haneda, Yusuke Suganuma, Makoto Okada, Yoshimi Kubota, Naohisa Nishida, Moto Kawamata and Takuya Matsuzaki

Bubbles to Chondrites-II. Chemical fractionations in chondrites

We attempt to develop a possible theory of chemical fractionations in chondrites, that is consistent with various features of chondritic components and current observation of protoplanetary disks (PPD). Combin...

Authors: Akihiko Hashimoto and Yuki Nakano