Articles

A review of theoretical salt weathering studies for stone heritage

Salt weathering can cause substantial deterioration of natural rocks, building stones, masonry materials, monuments, and engineering structures. Nearly two centuries of salt weathering studies, both theoretica...

Authors: Chiaki T. Oguchi and Swe Yu

Continuous multi-component MAX-DOAS observations for the planetary boundary layer ozone variation analysis at Chiba and Tsukuba, Japan, from 2013 to 2019

Ground-based remote sensing using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) was used to conduct continuous simultaneous observations of ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and formaldehyd...

Authors: Hitoshi Irie, Daichi Yonekawa, Alessandro Damiani, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo and Syuichi Itahashi

Preface for “Projection and impact assessment of global change”

Authors: Michio Kawamiya, Masayoshi Ishii, Nobuhito Mori, Eiichi Nakakita, Izuru Takayabu and Masahiro Watanabe

Paleoceanography of the northwestern Pacific across the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary (Marine Isotope Stages 20–18)

The fluctuating position of the boundary between the Kuroshio (warm) and Oyashio (cold) currents in the mid-latitude western North Pacific affects both heat transport and air–ocean interactions and has signifi...

Authors: Yoshimi Kubota, Yuki Haneda, Koji Kameo, Takuya Itaki, Hiroki Hayashi, Kizuku Shikoku, Kentaro Izumi, Martin J. Head, Yusuke Suganuma and Makoto Okada

Three thousand year paleo-tsunami history of the southern part of the Japan Trench

This study conducted a field survey and multiproxy analyses on sediment cores retrieved from the Kobatake-ike pond in Choshi City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Kobatake-ike pond is located at a high elevation (i.e...

Authors: Hokuto Higaki, Kazuhisa Goto, Hideaki Yanagisawa, Daisuke Sugawara and Takashi Ishizawa

Can quasicrystals survive in planetary collisions?

We investigated the compressional behavior of i-AlCuFe quasicrystal using diamond anvil cell under quasi-hydrostatic conditions by in situ angle-dispersive X-ray powder diffraction measurements (in both compre...

Authors: Vincenzo Stagno, Luca Bindi, Sota Takagi and Atsushi Kyono

On a simple, data-aided analytic description of the morphology of equatorial F-region zonal plasma drifts

We present results of an effort to evaluate the ability of an analytic model to describe the behavior of the equatorial zonal plasma drifts given inputs provided by readily available climatological models of t...

Authors: Samuel A. Shidler and Fabiano S. Rodrigues

Evaluation of earth system model and atmospheric inversion using total column CO₂ observations from GOSAT and OCO-2

The measurements of one of the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO₂), are being made using dedicated satellite remote sensing since the launch of the greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT) by a three...

Authors: Prabir K. Patra, Tomohiro Hajima, Ryu Saito, Naveen Chandra, Yukio Yoshida, Kazuhito Ichii, Michio Kawamiya, Masayuki Kondo, Akihiko Ito and David Crisp

Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems: a review toward integrating Earth–human systems

For the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climat...

Authors: Kaoru Tachiiri, Xuanming Su and Ken’ichi Matsumoto

A potential suite of climate markers of long-chain n-alkanes and alkenones preserved in the top sediments from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

Investigating organic compounds in marine sediments can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. Here, we present pilot study results of organic geochemical features of long-ch...

Authors: Xin Chen, Xiaodong Liu, Da-Cheng Lin, Jianjun Wang, Liqi Chen, Pai-Sen Yu, Linmiao Wang, Zhifang Xiong and Min-Te Chen

Comparison of length and dynamics of wood pieces in streams covered with coniferous and broadleaf forests mapped using orthophotos acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle

As wood pieces supplied by landslides and debris flows are one of the main components of ecological and geomorphic systems, the importance of quantifying the dimensions of the wood pieces is evident. However, ...

Authors: Haruka Tsunetaka, Slim Mtibaa, Shiho Asano, Takashi Okamoto and Ushio Kurokawa

A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

The Sun is a variable active-dynamo star, emitting radiation in all wavelengths and solar-wind plasma to the interplanetary space. The Earth is immersed in this radiation and solar wind, showing various respon...

Authors: Kazuo Shiokawa and Katya Georgieva

Formation of undulating topography and gravel beds at the bases of incised valleys: Last Glacial Maximum examples beneath the lowlands facing Tokyo Bay

Recent studies using well density distributed borehole logs have revealed undulating topography at the bases of incised valleys formed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, from analysis of 470...

Authors: Susumu Tanabe and Yoshiro Ishihara

Correction to: Classification of topography for ground vulnerability assessment of alluvial plains and mountains of Japan using 30 m DEM

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Junko Iwahashi, Dai Yamazaki, Takayuki Nakano and Ryo Endo

Stalagmite evidence for East Asian winter monsoon variability and ¹⁸O-depleted surface water in the Japan Sea during the last glacial period

In the East Asian monsoon area, stalagmites generally record lower and higher oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) levels during warm humid interglacial and cold dry glacial periods, respectively. Here, we report unusually low ...

Authors: Shota Amekawa, Kenji Kashiwagi, Masako Hori, Tomomi Sone, Hirokazu Kato, Tomoyo Okumura, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen and Akihiro Kano

Application of Soil Water Index to landslide prediction in snowy regions: sensitivity analysis in Japan and preliminary results from Tomsk, Russia

Soil Water Index (SWI) represents the conceptual water stored in the soil and is calculated using a three-layer tank model with hourly precipitation. In Japan, landslide disasters are likely to occur when SWI ...

Authors: Hiroshi Matsuyama, Hitoshi Saito and Valerii Zemtsov

Rapid water parcel transport across the Kuroshio Extension in the lower thermocline from dissolved oxygen measurements by Seaglider

Small water parcels, which are characterized by a low salinity and high dissolved oxygen (DO) are observed by Seaglider in the main thermocline (26.0–27.0 σ_θ) south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), have horizontal...

Authors: Shigeki Hosoda, Ryuichiro Inoue, Masami Nonaka, Hideharu Sasaki, Yoshikazu Sasai and Mizue Hirano

Evaluating variability in coseismic slips of paleoearthquakes from an incomplete slip history: an example from displaced terrace flights across the Kamishiro fault, central Japan

Examining the regularity in slip over seismic cycles leads to an understanding of earthquake recurrence and provides the basis for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Systematic analysis of three-dimensio...

Authors: Naoya Takahashi and Shinji Toda

Correction to: Deep mantle melting, global water circulation and its implications for the stability of the ocean mass

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Shun-ichiro Karato, Bijaya Karki and Jeffrey Park

Widespread distribution of radiocesium-bearing microparticles over the greater Kanto Region resulting from the Fukushima nuclear accident

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 emitted a considerable amount of radioactive materials. This study isolated radiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsMPs), a form of radioa...

Authors: Yoshinari Abe, Seika Onozaki, Izumi Nakai, Kouji Adachi, Yasuhito Igarashi, Yasuji Oura, Mitsuru Ebihara, Takafumi Miyasaka, Hisashi Nakamura, Keisuke Sueki, Haruo Tsuruta and Yuichi Moriguchi

Marine microplastics as vectors of major ocean pollutants and its hazards to the marine ecosystem and humans

Microplastic pollutes water, land, air, and groundwater environments not only visually but also ecologically for plants, animals, and humans. Microplastic has been reported to act as vectors by sorbing polluta...

Authors: Tan Suet May Amelia, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Meng Chuan Ong, Yi Ta Shao, Hui-Juan Pan and Kesaven Bhubalan

Evaluation of the contribution of tropical cyclone seeds to changes in tropical cyclone frequency due to global warming in high-resolution multi-model ensemble simulations

Previous projections of the frequency of tropical cyclone genesis due to global warming, even in terms of sign of the change, depends on the chosen model simulation. Here, we systematically examine projected c...

Authors: Yohei Yamada, Chihiro Kodama, Masaki Satoh, Masato Sugi, Malcolm J. Roberts, Ryo Mizuta, Akira T. Noda, Tomoe Nasuno, Masuo Nakano and Pier Luigi Vidale

Multiproxy sedimentological and geochemical analyses across the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary: chemostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Chiba composite section, central Japan

The Chiba composite section (CbCS) in the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, central Japan is a thick and continuous marine succession that straddles the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary and the well-recognize...

Authors: Kentaro Izumi, Yuki Haneda, Yusuke Suganuma, Makoto Okada, Yoshimi Kubota, Naohisa Nishida, Moto Kawamata and Takuya Matsuzaki

Bubbles to Chondrites-II. Chemical fractionations in chondrites

We attempt to develop a possible theory of chemical fractionations in chondrites, that is consistent with various features of chondritic components and current observation of protoplanetary disks (PPD). Combin...

Authors: Akihiko Hashimoto and Yuki Nakano

Visualizing heterogeneities of earthquake hypocenter catalogs: modeling, analysis, and compensation

As basic data for seismic activity analysis, hypocenter catalogs need to be accurate, complete, homogeneous, and consistent. Therefore, clarifying systematic errors in catalogs is an important discipline of se...

Authors: Yosihiko Ogata

Development of high-resolution future ocean regional projection datasets for coastal applications in Japan

In this study, we developed two high-resolution future ocean regional projection datasets for coastal applications in Japan, in which we made use of dynamical downscaling via regional ocean models with atmosph...

Authors: Shiro Nishikawa, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Kei Sakamoto, Yusuke Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Goro Yamanaka, Masafumi Kamachi and Yoichi Ishikawa

Nationwide urban ground deformation monitoring in Japan using Sentinel-1 LiCSAR products and LiCSBAS

Ground subsidence in urban areas is a significant problem because it increases flood risk, damages buildings and infrastructure, and results in economic loss. Continual monitoring of ground deformation is impo...

Authors: Yu Morishita

Impact of climate change on flood inundation in a tropical river basin in Indonesia

Climate change will have a significant impact on the water cycle and will lead to severe environmental problems and disasters in humid tropical river basins. Examples include river basins in Sumatra Island, In...

Authors: Kodai Yamamoto, Takahiro Sayama and Apip

Applications of soft computing models for predicting sea surface temperature: a comprehensive review and assessment

The application of soft computing (SC) models for predicting environmental variables is widely gaining popularity, because of their capability to describe complex non-linear processes. The sea surface temperat...

Authors: Masoud Haghbin, Ahmad Sharafati, Davide Motta, Nadhir Al-Ansari and Mohamadreza Hosseinian Moghadam Noghani

Classification of topography for ground vulnerability assessment of alluvial plains and mountains of Japan using 30 m DEM

This study aims to create a terrain classification of Japan that allows both geomorphological and geoengineering classifications coexist without large contradictions and to distinguish landform elements even i...

Authors: Junko Iwahashi, Dai Yamazaki, Takayuki Nakano and Ryo Endo

X-ray fluorescence core scanning, magnetic signatures, and organic geochemistry analyses of Ryukyu Trench sediments: turbidites and hemipelagites

The southwestern Ryukyu Trench represents the ultimate sink of sediments shed from Taiwan into the Philippine Sea, which are mainly transported to the trench by turbidity currents via submarine canyons. Here, ...

Authors: Kan-Hsi Hsiung, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Ken Ikehara, Kazuko Usami, Chorng-Shern Horng, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Nanako O. Ogawa, Saneatsu Saito and Masafumi Murayama

Strength models of the terrestrial planets and implications for their lithospheric structure and evolution

Knowledge of lithospheric strength can help to understand the internal structure and evolution of the terrestrial planets, as surface topography and gravity fields are controlled mainly by deformational featur...

Authors: Ikuo Katayama

Impact of air–sea coupling on the probability of occurrence of heat waves in Japan

In extreme event attribution, which aims to answer whether and to what extent a particular extreme weather event can be attributed to global warming, the probability of an event is generally estimated through ...

Authors: Akira Hasegawa, Yukiko Imada, Hideo Shiogama, Masato Mori, Hiroaki Tatebe and Masahiro Watanabe

Comparison of regional characteristics of land precipitation climatology projected by an MRI-AGCM multi-cumulus scheme and multi-SST ensemble with CMIP5 multi-model ensemble projections

Ensembles of climate change projections created by general circulation models (GCMs) with high resolution are increasingly needed to develop adaptation strategies for regional climate change. The Meteorologica...

Authors: Rui Ito, Tosiyuki Nakaegawa and Izuru Takayabu

Deep mantle melting, global water circulation and its implications for the stability of the ocean mass

Oceans on Earth are present as a result of dynamic equilibrium between degassing and regassing through the interaction with Earth’s interior. We review mineral physics, geophysical, and geochemical studies rel...

Authors: Shun-ichiro Karato, Bijaya Karki and Jeffrey Park

Ensemble flash flood predictions using a high-resolution nationwide distributed rainfall-runoff model: case study of the heavy rain event of July 2018 and Typhoon Hagibis in 2019

The heavy rain event of July 2018 and Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 caused severe flash flood disasters in numerous parts of western and eastern Japan. Flash floods need to be predicted over a wide range wit...

Authors: Takahiro Sayama, Masafumi Yamada, Yoshito Sugawara and Dai Yamazaki

Relationship between physical and biogeochemical parameters and the scenario dependence of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions

The transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) is a key metric in estimating the remaining carbon budget for given temperature targets. However, the TCRE has a small scenario dependence t...

Authors: Kaoru Tachiiri

An empirical approach toward the SLCP reduction targets in Asia for the mid-term climate change mitigation

Although importance of co-control of SLCPs together with the emission reduction of CO₂ has attracted much attention for the mid-term climate change mitigation, the contribution to radiative forcing (RF) is rather...

Authors: Hajime Akimoto, Tatsuya Nagashima, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Zbigniew Klimont and Markus Amann

Correction to: Half-graben inversion tectonics revealed by gravity modeling in the Mikawa Bay region, Central Japan

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Ayumu Miyakawa, Tomoya Abe, Tatsuya Sumita and Makoto Otsubo

Increase of organic carbon burial response to mangrove expansion in the Nanliu River estuary, South China Sea

Due to high productivity, periodic submersion, and rapid sedimentation rate, mangroves are important carbon sinks in tropical-subtropical coastal zones. Mangrove expansion can significantly enhance burial carb...

Authors: Tao Liu, Shengfa Liu, Bin Wu, Huipeng Xu and Hui Zhang

Phylogenetic positions of “pico-sized” radiolarians from middle layer waters of the tropical Pacific

In order to determine whether truly pico-sized adult radiolarians exist, we compared spumellarian sequences from individual adult samples collected in the central Pacific, with filtered sea water samples of ju...

Authors: Luyan Li and Kazuyoshi Endo

Model improvement and future projection of permafrost processes in a global land surface model

To date, the treatment of permafrost in global climate models has been simplified due to the prevailing uncertainties in the processes involving frozen ground. In this study, we improved the modeling of permaf...

Authors: Tokuta Yokohata, Kazuyuki Saito, Kumiko Takata, Tomoko Nitta, Yusuke Satoh, Tomohiro Hajima, Tetsuo Sueyoshi and Go Iwahana

Development of Integrated Land Simulator

Accurate simulations of land processes are crucial for many purposes, such as climate simulation, weather, flood, and drought prediction, and climate change impact assessment studies. In this paper, we present...

Authors: Tomoko Nitta, Takashi Arakawa, Misako Hatono, Akira Takeshima and Kei Yoshimura

Future dynamic sea level change in the western subtropical North Pacific associated with ocean heat uptake and heat redistribution by ocean circulation under global warming

In the present study, the relative importance of ocean heat uptake and heat redistribution on future sea level changes in the western North Pacific has been reconciled based on a set of climate model experimen...

Authors: Tatsuo Suzuki and Hiroaki Tatebe

In situ occurrence of Muong Nong-type Australasian tektite fragments from the Quaternary deposits near Huai Om, northeastern Thailand

There are several reports of Australasian tektites found within a stratum called “laterite” layer widely distributed in Indochina. However, it has been debated whether these tektites are in situ or reworked. T...

Authors: Toshihiro Tada, Ryuji Tada, Praphas Chansom, Wickanet Songtham, Paul A. Carling and Eiichi Tajika

Correction to: A full sequence of the Matuyama–Brunhes geomagnetic reversal in the Chiba composite section, Central Japan

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Yuki Haneda, Makoto Okada, Yusuke Suganuma and Takahiro Kitamura

Two decades of Earth system modeling with an emphasis on Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC)

The past 20 years of research using Earth system models (ESMs) is reviewed with an emphasis on results from the ESM based on MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) developed in Japan. Earth sy...

Authors: Michio Kawamiya, Tomohiro Hajima, Kaoru Tachiiri, Shingo Watanabe and Tokuta Yokohata

Half-graben inversion tectonics revealed by gravity modeling in the Mikawa Bay Region, Central Japan

The Mikawa Bay Region, central Japan, is characterized by many active faults recording Quaternary activities. It is, however, difficult to understand the overall tectonic character of the region due to a thick...

Authors: Ayumu Miyakawa, Tomoya Abe, Tatsuya Sumita and Makoto Otsubo

Effect of hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of sediment layers on water film formation in submarine landslides

Through two lab-scale experiments, we investigated the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of sediment layers during water film formation, induced by elevated pore pressure—considered one of the triggers ...

Authors: Shogo Kawakita, Daisuke Asahina, Takato Takemura, Hinako Hosono and Keiji Kitajima

Integrated Pliocene-Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy and tephrostratigraphy of deep-sea sediments at IODP Site U1424 (Yamato Basin, Japan Sea)

Sediments from the semi-enclosed Japan Sea are sensitive to paleoclimatic perturbations and they offer great opportunities for many regional and global paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic studies. These studie...

Authors: Chuang Xuan, Yuxi Jin, Saiko Sugisaki, Yasufumi Satoguchi and Yoshitaka Nagahashi