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This paper presents the 1000 ensemble flood simulations using ensemble rainfalls simulated by 4D LETKF. The number of ensemble rainfall members is large as 1000 compared to the operational rainfall products of...
Estimates of uplift rates for lithospheric forebulges are needed to understand exact plate motions at plate convergence zones and to delineate the fate of coral reefs atop the forebulges. A carbonate island on...
Hydrogen, methane, and water ice are among the most abundant materials in the universe. Based on experimental, theoretical, and spacecraft data, gas hydrates consisting of gas and water ice have been predicted...
Precise ionospheric TEC can be derived from dual-frequency GNSS carrier phase leveled pseudorange measurements. However, differential code biases (DCB) of satellite and receiver are the main errors that cannot...
Slow earthquakes are episodic slow fault slips. They form a fundamental component of interplate deformation processes, along with fast, regular earthquakes. Recent seismological and geodetic observations have ...
Long-term continuous observation of seafloor pressure is effective for detecting seafloor vertical deformations that are associated with transient tectonic phenomena such as slow slip events. Since the aseismi...
Paleotsunami deposit investigations and numerical tsunami computations have been performed to elucidate the source and size of large tsunamis along the Kuril to Japan Trenches, particularly for unusual tsunami...
The Sung Valley ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite complex (UACC) of Meghalaya, NE, India, is a result of magmatic activity related to the Kerguelen mantle plume spanning from 101 to 115 Ma. In the present study,...
Using outputs from an ecosystem model embedded in an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model that can realistically simulate decadal modulations of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) between stable and unstabl...
A decade after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0), geological surveys were conducted at multiple sites along the Pacific Coast of the tsunami-inundated Tohoku region in Japan, providing thousands of years...
In many tectonically active regions of the world, a variety of slow deformation phenomena have been discovered and collectively termed slow earthquakes. Tectonic tremor is the high-frequency component of slow ...
Temporal seismic observations from pop-up type ocean-bottom seismometers were used to detect tectonic tremors immediately following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in the northern periphery of the aftershock ar...
The 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake generated a surprisingly large near-trench slip, and earth scientists have devoted significant attention to understanding why. Some studies proposed special rupture mechanisms, s...
A quantitative understanding of paleotsunamis is a significant issue in tsunami sedimentology. Onshore tsunami deposits, which are geological records of tsunami inundation, are used to reconstruct paleotsunami...
Over the past few decades, hydrous minerals were thought to be absent in the lower mantle, due to their instability at high-pressure conditions. Recently, however, hydrous phases including phase H (MgSiO
Prebiotic chemical evolution and the emergence of life in the seafloor hydrothermal systems of Hadean Earth is among the most plausible and popular hypotheses for the origin of earthly life. In contrast, many ...
The lithospheric mantle, formed at the mid-ocean ridge as a residue of crustal production, comprises theoretically depleted peridotite, but more fertile components (e.g., lherzolite and pyroxenite) have been r...
In this study, we conducted the quantitative evaluation of aerosol optical properties in the Indochina Peninsula (ICP), which is significantly affected yearly by both biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic aer...
Sr isotope ratios of hydrothermal fluids were observed at five sediment-associated sites in the Okinawa Trough to investigate the diversity of subseafloor fluid–rock–sediment interactions. The estimated 87Sr/86Sr...
Osaka Bay adjacent to the Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe metropolitan area was affected by severe metal pollution during the twentieth century; yet little is known about the trace metal sources and pre-industrial human acti...
Prior to the cold phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), sea surface water in the western tropical North Pacific is heated. To evaluate the impact of the subsurface water on the upper-ocean (
The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake occurred off southern Sanriku, Japan, on March 11 and generated strong shaking and huge tsunami along the entire eastern coast of Tohoku. The mainshock and n...
The transition process from coseismic to early postseismic phenomena within a half-day remains a significant topic for understanding the slip budget and friction properties of the fault. However, the investiga...
The Earth's fluid budget is dominated by species in the system C–O–H–N–S together with halogens such as F and Cl. H2O is by far the most abundant. Such fluids are one of the two main mass transport agents (fluid ...
The eastern part of the Tsugaru Strait (located at ~ 41.5° N) is a remarkable region of the coastal flow system around Japan due to the Tsugaru Warm Current (TgWC), an intensive eastward current that flows ove...
Soil erosion substantially implicates global nutrient and carbon cycling of the land surface. Its monitoring is crucial for assessing and managing global land productivity and socio-economy. The Zhuoshui River...
We describe a collaborative analysis study involving numerical models and observation data for the Tokyo metropolitan area called the ULTra-sIte for Measuring Atmosphere of Tokyo Metropolitan Environment (ULTI...
A vast amount of analogue seismograms recorded between the end of the nineteenth century and late twentieth century are often inaccessible for seismological research since they are not available as digital tim...
There is growing interest in the use of pteropods as potential archives of past changes in ocean chemistry. However, pteropods have rarely been used in studies of millennial-scale sedimentary records, especial...
Climate is one of the main factors for rice crop growth. Understanding the relationship between climate variability and rice production during the period from 1901 to 1939 in Burma can give a clear picture of ...
Determining physical process parameters in atmospheric models is critical to obtaining accurate weather and climate simulations; estimating optimal parameters is essential for reducing model error. Recently, a...
The Vietnamese Mekong Delta has been devastatingly impacted by climate change coupled with sea level rise and natural hazards. As a result, salinity intrusion has become a pressing issue in the coastal provinc...
Nguyen et al. (Prog Earth Planet Sci 7:1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0311-0) suggest that Landsat 8 OLI can be used to map and monitor soil salinity ...
We investigated the water-mass structure on the Okinawa Trough and Pacific sides of the southern Ryukyu Island Arc (Yonaguni, Iriomote, and Ishigaki subareas) using the Nd isotope composition (143Nd/144Nd ratios;...
Unsaturated wet sand possesses capillary cohesion that is lost when it becomes saturated. Thus, it can form a cliff, but a slide may be triggered upon saturation. Here we conduct cliff landslide experiments us...
Accurate estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes at the earth’s surface are imperative for comprehending the carbon cycle mechanisms and providing reliable global warming predictions. Furthermore, they can a...
Permafrost covers a wide area of the Northern Hemisphere, including high-altitude mountainous areas and even at mid-latitudes. There is concern that the thawing of mountain permafrost can cause slope instabili...
Geomorphological knowledge is critical in understanding watershed scale surface processes, including steep mountainous areas and flat lowlands, particularly if the mid- and downstream areas are densely populat...
The Shimosa Group, a Middle- to Late-Pleistocene sedimentary succession, has been the focus of stratigraphic attention because it lies beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area of central Japan. It is also of palaeo...
The timing of the onset of plate tectonics on Earth remains a topic of strong debate, as does the tectonic mode that preceded modern plate tectonics. Understanding possible tectonic modes and transitions betwe...
A tsunami generated by an earthquake that occurred off the east coast of Japan in 1611 was predominantly concentrated along the Sanriku Coast. The 1611 event produced its greatest observed tsunami height at Ko...
The original article was published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2022 9:32
Egypt, a predominantly arid and hyper-arid country, is one of the environmentally most fragile regions of the world. The country became a hot spot for climatic extremes and aridity change in the global warming...
Synthetic rocks are used in laboratories to measure the physical and chemical properties of Earth’s constituent minerals in order to understand Earth’s interior. To understand the phenomena in the middle and u...
Global terrain classification data have been used for various issues related to topography such as the estimation of soil types and of ground vulnerability to earthquakes and the creation of seismic hazard map...
We conducted seismic tomography to estimate the seismic velocity structure and to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of interplate earthquakes of the Kii Peninsula, central Honshu, Japan, where the Tonan...
The Correction to this article has been published in Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2022 9:36
We conduct frictional experiments using cuttings collected at Nankai Trough IODP Site C0002 over 980.5–3262.5 mbsf (meters below seafloor) depth interval to better understand the frictional properties through ...
The relationship between the hydrological cycle and the temperature is rather complex and of great importance to human socioeconomic activities. The prevailing theory suggests that as temperature increases the...
The distributions of sandy tsunami deposits do not reflect the true extents of tsunami inundation areas, leading to underestimates of inundation by past tsunamis and thus the magnitudes of their associated tsu...
