Articles

The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach

The Kuroshio Current is a major western boundary current controlled by the North Pacific Gyre. It brings warm subtropical waters from the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to Japan exerting a major control on Asian clima...

Authors: Stephen J. Gallagher, Akihisa Kitamura, Yasufumi Iryu, Takuya Itaki, Itaru Koizumi and Peter W. Hoiles

Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits during the last 4000 years and their correlations with historical tsunami events in Koyadori on the Sanriku Coast, northeastern Japan

Large tsunamis occurring throughout the past several hundred years along the Sanriku Coast on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan have been documented and observed. However, the risk of large tsunamis like...

Authors: Daisuke Ishimura and Takahiro Miyauchi

Stratification of earth’s outermost core inferred from SmKS array data

SmKS arrivals recorded by large-scale broadband seismometer arrays are analyzed to investigate the depth profile of P wave speed (V _p ) in the outermost ...

Authors: Satoshi Kaneshima and Takanori Matsuzawa

Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan

Mass movements caused by rainfall events in Taiwan are analyzed during a 7-year period from 2006 to 2012. Data from the Taiwan Soil and Water Conservation Bureau reports were compiled for 263 mass movement eve...

Authors: Chi-Wen Chen, Hitoshi Saito and Takashi Oguchi

Short-term variability of the Sun-Earth system: an overview of progress made during the CAWSES-II period

This paper presents an overview of results obtained during the CAWSES-II period on the short-term variability of the Sun and how it affects the near-Earth space environment. CAWSES-II was planned to examine th...

Authors: Nat Gopalswamy, Bruce Tsurutani and Yihua Yan

eScience and Informatics for international science programs

Both eScience and Informatics, their conceptual approaches, methods, and extant technical solutions, are still relatively new approaches in many science fields. Collectively, they intend to facilitate the elec...

Authors: Peter Fox and Janet Kozyra

Investigating the particle precipitation of a moving cusp aurora using simultaneous observations from the ground and space

Using observations of a moving cusp aurora from a high-sensitivity all-sky imager at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, and in situ observations of the precipitating particles from a spacecraft that flew over the aurora, we...

Authors: Satoshi Taguchi, Keisuke Hosokawa and Yasunobu Ogawa

Heterogeneous interplate coupling along the Nankai Trough, Japan, detected by GPS-acoustic seafloor geodetic observation

The recurring devastating earthquake that occurs in the Nankai Trough subduction zone between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate has the potential to cause an extremely dangerous natural disaster ...

Authors: Yusuke Yokota, Tadashi Ishikawa, Mariko Sato, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Hiroaki Saito, Naoto Ujihara, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Shin-ichi Toyama, Masayuki Fujita, Tetsuichiro Yabuki, Masashi Mochizuki and Akira Asada

Upwelling: a unit of disturbance in equatorial spread F

Plasma structure in the nighttime equatorial F layer, often referred to as equatorial spread F (ESF), is not uniformly distributed, either in time or in space. Observations indicate that ESF in the bottomside F l...

Authors: Roland T Tsunoda

Biogeochemistry and limnology in Antarctic subglacial weathering: molecular evidence of the linkage between subglacial silica input and primary producers in a perennially ice-covered lake

We report a 6,000 years record of subglacial weathering and biogeochemical processes in two perennially ice-covered glacial lakes at Rundvågshetta, on the Soya Coast of Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The tw...

Authors: Yoshinori Takano, Hisaya Kojima, Eriko Takeda, Yusuke Yokoyama and Manabu Fukui

Incorporation of Mg²⁺ in surface Ca²⁺ sites of aragonite: an ab initio study

First-principles calculations of Mg²⁺-containing aragonite surfaces are important because Mg²⁺ can affect the growth of calcium carbonate polymorphs. New calculations that incorporate Mg²⁺ substitution for Ca²⁺ i...

Authors: Jun Kawano, Hiroshi Sakuma and Takaya Nagai

Comparing the visual perception and aesthetic evaluation of natural landscapes in Russia and Japan: cultural and environmental factors

Japan and Russia have deeply rooted cultural traditions regarding natural landscape appreciation, share a common border, and have areas with similar natural environments. They differ, however, in cultural, his...

Authors: Elena G Petrova, Yury V Mironov, Yoji Aoki, Hajime Matsushima, Satoshi Ebine, Katsunori Furuya, Anastasia Petrova, Norimasa Takayama and Hirofumi Ueda

Expected geoneutrino signal at JUNO

Constraints on the Earth’s composition and on its radiogenic energy budget come from the detection of geoneutrinos. The Kamioka Liquid scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND) and Borexino experiments rece...

Authors: Virginia Strati, Marica Baldoncini, Ivan Callegari, Fabio Mantovani, William F McDonough, Barbara Ricci and Gerti Xhixha

The dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: a brief review

The dynamics of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) (60 to 110 km) is dominated by waves and their effects. The basic structure of the MLT is determined by momentum deposition by small-scale gravity waves,...

Authors: Robert A Vincent

Sound velocity of hcp-Fe at high pressure: experimental constraints, extrapolations and comparison with seismic models

Determining the sound velocity of iron under extreme thermodynamic conditions is essential for a proper interpretation of seismic observations of the Earth’s core but is experimentally challenging. Here, we re...

Authors: Daniele Antonangeli and Eiji Ohtani

The geospace response to variable inputs from the lower atmosphere: a review of the progress made by Task Group 4 of CAWSES-II

The advent of new satellite missions, ground-based instrumentation networks, and the development of whole atmosphere models over the past decade resulted in a paradigm shift in understanding the variability of...

Authors: Jens Oberheide, Kazuo Shiokawa, Subramanian Gurubaran, William E Ward, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Michael J Kosch, Jonathan J Makela and Hisao Takahashi

Biochemical and physiological bases for the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in environmental and ecological studies

We review the biochemical and physiological bases of the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions as an approach for environmental and ecological studies. Biochemical processes commonly observed in the...

Authors: Naohiko Ohkouchi, Nanako O Ogawa, Yoshito Chikaraishi, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Eitaro Wada

Installing artificial macropores in degraded soils to enhance vertical infiltration and increase soil carbon content

Of all terrestrial media (including vegetation and the atmosphere), soil is the largest store of carbon. Soils also have important functions such as water storage and plant support roles. However, at present, ...

Authors: Yasushi Mori, Atsushi Fujihara and Kazuto Yamagishi

Modeling in Earth system science up to and beyond IPCC AR5

Changes in the natural environment that are the result of human activities are becoming evident. Since these changes are interrelated and can not be investigated without interdisciplinary collaboration between...

Authors: Tomohiro Hajima, Michio Kawamiya, Michio Watanabe, Etsushi Kato, Kaoru Tachiiri, Masahiro Sugiyama, Shingo Watanabe, Hideki Okajima and Akinori Ito

Natural moissanite (SiC) – a low temperature mineral formed from highly fractionated ultra-reducing COH-fluids

Natural moissanite (SiC) is reported from dozens of localities, most commonly from ultramafic rocks where it may be associated with diamond and iron silicides. Yet, formation conditions of moissanite remain in...

Authors: Max W Schmidt, Changgui Gao, Anastasia Golubkova, Arno Rohrbach and James AD Connolly

Contrasting partition behavior of F and Cl during hydrous mantle melting: implications for Cl/F signature in arc magmas

We present the results of five experiments on F and Cl partitioning during hydrous mantle melting under conditions relevant to subduction zone magmatism (1.2–2.5 GPa, 1,180°C–1,430°C). For each experiment, we ...

Authors: Célia Dalou, Kenneth T Koga, Marion Le Voyer and Nobumichi Shimizu

The role of snowmelt runoff on the ocean environment and scallop production in Funka Bay, Japan

This study investigated the role of snowmelt runoff on water circulation, water mass formation, and the production of cultured scallop larvae, as a part of a land-sea linkage, by analyzing hydrological data in...

Authors: Satoshi Nakada, Katsuhisa Baba, Masatoshi Sato, Masafumi Natsuike, Yoichi Ishikawa, Toshiyuki Awaji, Koji Koyamada and Sei-Ichi Saitoh

Distribution of U and REE on colloids in granitic groundwater and quality-controlled sampling at the Mizunami underground research laboratory

Colloids and their association with analogue elements, uranium, and rare earth elements (REEs), in deep granitic groundwater were investigated at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU). Groundwater...

Authors: Takashi Munemoto, Kazuaki Ohmori and Teruki Iwatsuki

What is the solar influence on climate? Overview of activities during CAWSES-II

This paper presents an overview of the main advances in the Key Questions identified by the Task Group ‘What is the Solar Influence on Climate’ by the SCOSTEP CAWSES-II science program. We go through different...

Authors: Annika Seppälä, Katja Matthes, Cora E Randall and Irina A Mironova

Response of the mesosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere system to global change - CAWSES-II contribution

Long-term trends in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere are areas of research of increasing importance both because they are sensitive indicators of climatic change and because they affect satellite-b...

Authors: Jan Laštovička, Gufran Beig and Daniel R Marsh

The Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model: description and development

This article reviews the development of a global non-hydrostatic model, focusing on the pioneering research of the Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). Very high resolution global atmospheric...

Authors: Masaki Satoh, Hirofumi Tomita, Hisashi Yashiro, Hiroaki Miura, Chihiro Kodama, Tatsuya Seiki, Akira T Noda, Yohei Yamada, Daisuke Goto, Masahiro Sawada, Takemasa Miyoshi, Yosuke Niwa, Masayuki Hara, Tomoki Ohno, Shin-ichi Iga, Takashi Arakawa…

Short-term slow slip events along the Ryukyu Trench, southwestern Japan, observed by continuous GNSS

In this study, short-term slow slip events (SSEs) along the Ryukyu Trench, southwestern Japan were systematically examined using continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data. In total, 130 probabl...

Authors: Takuya Nishimura

Hydrothermal system in the Tatun Volcano Group, northern Taiwan, inferred from crustal resistivity structure by audio-magnetotellurics

The present study proposes an improved conceptual model for the hydrothermal system in the Tatun Volcano Group in northern Taiwan. In the study, audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) surveys were conducted to reveal th...

Authors: Shogo Komori, Mitsuru Utsugi, Tsuneomi Kagiyama, Hiroyuki Inoue, Chang-Hwa Chen, Hsieh-Tang Chiang, Benjamin Fong Chao, Ryokei Yoshimura and Wataru Kanda

A numerical experiment on the formation of the tropopause inversion layer associated with an explosive cyclogenesis: possible role of gravity waves

The tropopause inversion layer (TIL) is a persistent layer with high static stability. Although some mechanisms for the formation of the TIL have been proposed, the time evolution of the TIL under realistic co...

Authors: Shigenori Otsuka, Megumi Takeshita and Shigeo Yoden

An observation campaign of precipitable water vapor with multiple GPS receivers in western Java, Indonesia

A campaign was conducted from 23 July to 5 August 2010 to measure atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) using five Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, stationed at four different locations in Jakar...

Authors: Eugenio Realini, Kazutoshi Sato, Toshitaka Tsuda, Susilo and Timbul Manik

Observations of GPS scintillation during an isolated auroral substorm

This paper reports simultaneous observations of ionospheric scintillation during an auroral substorm that were made using an all-sky full-color digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera (ASC) and a Global Posit...

Authors: Keisuke Hosokawa, Yuichi Otsuka, Yasunobu Ogawa and Takuya Tsugawa

Heavy metal pollution in Ancient Nara, Japan, during the eighth century

We quantitatively investigated the eighth century heavy metal pollution in Heijo-kyo (Ancient Nara), the first large, international city of Japan. In this metropolis, mercury, copper, and lead levels in soil w...

Authors: Hodaka Kawahata, Shusuke Yamashita, Kyoko Yamaoka, Takashi Okai, Gen Shimoda and Noboru Imai

Erratum to: Invitation to Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Authors: Yasufumi Iryu

Structure and properties of forsterite-MgSiO₃ liquid interface: molecular dynamics study

The mechanical properties of partially molten rock, such as their permeabilities and viscosities, are important properties in geological processes. We performed molecular dynamics simulations in terms of struc...

Authors: Fumiya Noritake and Katsuyuki Kawamura

Shaking conditions required for flame structure formation in a water-immersed granular medium

Flame structures found in sedimentary rocks may have formed from liquefaction and gravitational instability when the sediments were still unconsolidated and were subject to shaking caused by earthquakes. Howev...

Authors: Nao Yasuda and Ikuro Sumita

Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling during the 2011 and 2012 typhoon seasons: observational evidence and numerical investigations of the sea surface cooling effect using typhoon simulations

Understanding oceanic responses to typhoons and the impacts those responses have on the typhoons themselves is important so that typhoon predictions performed using numerical models and typhoon forecasts can b...

Authors: Akiyoshi Wada, Tomohiro Uehara and Shiro Ishizaki

Lg wave propagation in the area around Japan: observations and simulations

Regional wavefields are strongly influenced by crustal structure heterogeneity variations along their propagation paths. Observations of such effects between the Asian continent and the Japanese subduction zon...

Authors: Takashi Furumura, Tae-Kyung Hong and Brian LN Kennett

Direct comparison of site-specific and basin-scale denudation rate estimation by in situ cosmogenic nuclides: an example from the Abukuma Mountains, Japan

Accurate determination of denudation rates is important in understanding Earth surface system dynamics. In situ produced cosmogenic nuclides, such as ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al, provide a valuable insight but are not entirely...

Authors: Atsunori Nakamura, Yusuke Yokoyama, Kazuyo Shiroya, Yosuke Miyairi and Hiroyuki Matsuzaki

Coseismic visibility of a small fragile patch involved in the rupture of a large patch - implications from fully dynamic rate-state earthquake sequence simulations producing variable manners of earthquake initiation

Frictional properties on a fault cannot be uniform, and one idealization would be a hierarchical asperity concept in which a large, tough patch (Patch L, radius R ^L and nucleati...

Authors: Hiroyuki Noda, Masao Nakatani and Takane Hori

Earthquake faulting in subduction zones: insights from fault rocks in accretionary prisms

Subduction earthquakes on plate-boundary megathrusts accommodate most of the global seismic moment release, frequently resulting in devastating damage by ground shaking and tsunamis. As many earthquakes occur ...

Authors: Kohtaro Ujiie and Gaku Kimura

Mechanism of long-standing Cenozoic basin formation in central Hokkaido: an integrated basin study on an oblique convergent margin

The basin-forming process along a convergent margin off the eastern coast of Eurasia was pursued on the basis of geological, geochemical, and geophysical approaches. Central Hokkaido has been a site of vigorou...

Authors: Yasuto Itoh, Osamu Takano, Shigekazu Kusumoto and Machiko Tamaki

Theoretical constraints of physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids on variations in chemolithotrophic microbial communities in seafloor hydrothermal systems

In the past few decades, chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have received attention as plausible analogues to the early ecosystems of Earth, as well as to extraterrestrial ecosystems. The...

Authors: Kentaro Nakamura and Ken Takai

Water-melt interaction in hydrous magmatic systems at high temperature and pressure

Experimental data on the structure and properties of melts and fluids relevant to water-melt interaction in hydrous magmatic systems in the Earth's interior have been reviewed. Complex relationships between wa...

Authors: Bjorn Mysen

Invitation to “Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (PEPS)” by Japan Geoscience Union

Authors: Hodaka Kawahata

Invitation to Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Authors: Yasufumi Iryu

PREFACE to the First volume of PEPS

Authors: Toshitaka Tsuda