Articles
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Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2016 3:3
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New parameter of roundness R: circularity corrected by aspect ratio
In this paper, we propose a new roundness parameter R, to denote circularity corrected by aspect ratio. The basic concept of this new roundness parameter is given by the following equation:
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2016 3:2 -
Geochemical approaches to the quantification of dispersed volcanic ash in marine sediment
Volcanic ash has long been recognized in marine sediment, and given the prevalence of oceanic and continental arc volcanism around the globe in regard to widespread transport of ash, its presence is nearly ubi...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2016 3:1 -
Hydrogen-rich hydrothermal environments in the Hadean ocean inferred from serpentinization of komatiites at 300 °C and 500 bar
Serpentinization of Al-depleted and Al-undepleted komatiites (and olivine for comparison) was experimentally characterized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 300 °C and 500 bar to evaluate ...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:46 -
Overview of the development of the Aerosol Loading Interface for Cloud microphysics In Simulation (ALICIS)
This review summarizes the scientific background of and past/prospective update strategies for the development of the Aerosol Loading Interface for Cloud microphysics In Simulation (ALICIS). ALICIS provides a ...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:45 -
Atmospheric radioactivity over Tsukuba, Japan: a summary of three years of observations after the FDNPP accident
A severe accident occurred in March 2011 at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) operated by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), causing serious environmental pollution over a wide range co...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:44 -
Sea surface temperature proxies (alkenones, foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblage) and their implications in the Okinawa Trough
We reviewed three sea surface temperature (SST) proxies in the Okinawa Trough (OT): alkenones, planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. The seasonal and vertical distribution p...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:43 -
Ensemble experiments using a nested LETKF system to reproduce intense vortices associated with tornadoes of 6 May 2012 in Japan
Experiments simulating intense vortices associated with tornadoes that occurred on 6 May 2012 on the Kanto Plain, Japan, were performed with a nested local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) system. Inte...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:42 -
Authigenic carbonate precipitation at the end-Guadalupian (Middle Permian) in China: Implications for the carbon cycle in ancient anoxic oceans
Carbonate precipitation is a major process in the global carbon cycle. It was recently proposed that authigenic carbonate (carbonate precipitated in situ at the sediment–water interface and/or within the sedim...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:41 -
Dynamic responses of the Earth’s outer core to assimilation of observed geomagnetic secular variation
Assimilation of surface geomagnetic observations and geodynamo models has advanced very quickly in recent years. However, compared to advanced data assimilation systems in meteorology, geomagnetic data assimil...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:40 -
Iron snow, crystal floats, and inner-core growth: modes of core solidification and implications for dynamos in terrestrial planets and moons
Recent planetary space missions, new experimental data, and advanced numerical techniques have helped to improve our understanding of the deep interiors of the terrestrial planets and moons. In the present rev...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:39 -
An in situ experimental study of Zr4+ transport capacity of water-rich fluids in the temperature and pressure range of the deep crust and upper mantle
Throughout the Earth’s history, mass transport involved fluids. In order to address the circumstances under which Zr4+ may have been transported in this manner, its solubility behavior in aqueous fluid with and w...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:38 -
Simultaneous measurements of elastic wave velocities and electrical conductivity in a brine-saturated granitic rock under confining pressures and their implication for interpretation of geophysical observations
Simultaneous measurements of elastic wave velocity and electrical conductivity in a brine-saturated granitic rock were conducted under confining pressures of up to 180 MPa. Contrasting changes in velocity and ...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:37 -
Marine tephra in the Japan Sea sediments as a tool for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
Tephra is a product of large and explosive volcanic events and can travel thousands of kilometers before deposition. Consequently, tephra deposits are common in terrestrial, lacustrine, marine, and glacial env...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:36 -
Effect of width, amplitude, and position of a core mantle boundary hot spot on core convection and dynamo action
Within the fluid iron cores of terrestrial planets, convection and the resulting generation of global magnetic fields are controlled by the overlying rocky mantle. The thermal structure of the lower mantle det...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:35 -
Complex inner core boundary from frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficients of PKiKP waves observed by Hi-net
Frequency-dependent reflection coefficients of P waves at the inner core boundary (ICB) are estimated from the spectral ratios of PKiKP and PcP waves observed by the high-sensitivity seismograph network (Hi-ne...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:34 -
MF and HF radar techniques for investigating the dynamics and structure of the 50 to 110 km height region: a review
The application of medium-frequency (MF) and high-frequency (HF) partial reflection radar to investigate the neutral upper atmosphere is one of the oldest such techniques still regularly in use. The techniques...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:33 -
Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments in the Yangtze River and the implications for provenance and chemical weathering in East Asia
In order to interpret the marine clastic record preserved in the sedimentary basins of the East Asian marginal seas, it is important to understand how sediment transport and chemical weathering affect the comp...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:32 -
Evidence for natural molecular hydrogen seepage associated with Carolina bays (surficial, ovoid depressions on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Province of the USA)
A study of soil gases was made in North Carolina (USA) in and around morphological depressions called “Carolina bays.” This type of depression is observed over the Atlantic coastal plains of the USA, but their...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:31 -
Can clay minerals account for the behavior of non-asperity on the subducting plate interface?
Seismicity along the subducting plate interface shows regional variation, which has been explained by the seismic asperity model where large earthquakes occur at strongly coupled patches that are surrounded by...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:30 -
Liquid sodium models of the Earth’s core
Our understanding of the dynamics of the Earth’s core can be advanced by a combination of observation, experiments, and simulations. A crucial aspect of the core is the interplay between the flow of the conduc...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:29 -
Advancing the understanding of the Sun–Earth interaction—the Climate and Weather of the Sun–Earth System (CAWSES) II program
The Scientific Committee on Solar–Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) of the International Council for Science (ICSU) implemented an international collaborative program called Climate and Weather of the Sun–Earth Syste...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:28 -
Geographical distribution of shear wave anisotropy within marine sediments in the northwestern Pacific
In the northwestern Pacific, the elastic properties of marine sediments, including P-wave velocities (Vp) and S wave velocities (Vs), have recently been constrained by active seismic surveys. However, information...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:27 -
Towards more realistic core-mantle boundary heat flux patterns: a source of diversity in planetary dynamos
Mantle control on planetary dynamos is often studied by imposing heterogeneous core-mantle boundary (CMB) heat flux patterns on the outer boundary of numerical dynamo simulations. These patterns typically ente...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:26 -
Diffusion-controlled growth and degree of disequilibrium of garnet porphyroblasts: is diffusion-controlled growth of porphyroblasts common?
Rate-limiting processes and the degree of disequilibrium during metamorphic mineral growth are key controls on the rate of dehydration and hydration in the Earth’s crust. This paper examines diffusion-controll...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:25 -
The competition between Lorentz and Coriolis forces in planetary dynamos
Fluid motions within planetary cores generate magnetic fields through dynamo action. These core processes are driven by thermo-compositional convection subject to the competing influences of rotation, which te...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:24 -
Impacts of cloud microphysics on trade wind cumulus: which cloud microphysics processes contribute to the diversity in a large eddy simulation?
This study investigated the impact of several cloud microphysical schemes on the trade wind cumulus in the large eddy simulation model. To highlight the differences due to the cloud microphysical component, we...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:23 -
Water and magmas: insights about the water solution mechanisms in alkali silicate melts from infrared, Raman, and 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopies
Degassing of water during the ascent of hydrous magma in a volcanic edifice produces dramatic changes in the magma density and viscosity. This can profoundly affect the dynamics of volcanic eruptions. The wate...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:22 -
The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar
The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the EISCAT UHF and VHF radar systems) and...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:21 -
Auroral substorms as an electrical discharge phenomenon
During the last 50 years, we have made much progress in studying auroral substorms (consisting of the growth phase, the expansion phase, and the recovery phase). In particular, we have quantitatively learned abou...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:20 -
δ 18Osw estimate for Globigerinoides ruber from core-top sediments in the East China Sea
The paired analyses of the Mg/Ca ratio and oxygen isotopic composition (δ 18Oc) of surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera have become a widely used method for reconstructing the oxygen i...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:19 -
Towards scaling laws for subduction initiation on terrestrial planets: constraints from two-dimensional steady-state convection simulations
The strongly temperature-dependent viscosity of rocks leads to the formation of nearly rigid lithospheric plates. Previous studies showed that a very low yield stress might be necessary to weaken and mobilize ...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:18 -
The Pliocene to recent history of the Kuroshio and Tsushima Currents: a multi-proxy approach
The Kuroshio Current is a major western boundary current controlled by the North Pacific Gyre. It brings warm subtropical waters from the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to Japan exerting a major control on Asian clima...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:17 -
Historical and paleo-tsunami deposits during the last 4000 years and their correlations with historical tsunami events in Koyadori on the Sanriku Coast, northeastern Japan
Large tsunamis occurring throughout the past several hundred years along the Sanriku Coast on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan have been documented and observed. However, the risk of large tsunamis like...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:16 -
Stratification of earth’s outermost core inferred from SmKS array data
SmKS arrivals recorded by large-scale broadband seismometer arrays are analyzed to investigate the depth profile of P wave speed (V p ) in the outermost ...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:15 -
Rainfall intensity–duration conditions for mass movements in Taiwan
Mass movements caused by rainfall events in Taiwan are analyzed during a 7-year period from 2006 to 2012. Data from the Taiwan Soil and Water Conservation Bureau reports were compiled for 263 mass movement eve...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:14 -
Short-term variability of the Sun-Earth system: an overview of progress made during the CAWSES-II period
This paper presents an overview of results obtained during the CAWSES-II period on the short-term variability of the Sun and how it affects the near-Earth space environment. CAWSES-II was planned to examine th...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:13 -
eScience and Informatics for international science programs
Both eScience and Informatics, their conceptual approaches, methods, and extant technical solutions, are still relatively new approaches in many science fields. Collectively, they intend to facilitate the elec...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:12 -
Investigating the particle precipitation of a moving cusp aurora using simultaneous observations from the ground and space
Using observations of a moving cusp aurora from a high-sensitivity all-sky imager at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, and in situ observations of the precipitating particles from a spacecraft that flew over the aurora, we...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:11 -
Heterogeneous interplate coupling along the Nankai Trough, Japan, detected by GPS-acoustic seafloor geodetic observation
The recurring devastating earthquake that occurs in the Nankai Trough subduction zone between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate has the potential to cause an extremely dangerous natural disaster ...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:10 -
Upwelling: a unit of disturbance in equatorial spread F
Plasma structure in the nighttime equatorial F layer, often referred to as equatorial spread F (ESF), is not uniformly distributed, either in time or in space. Observations indicate that ESF in the bottomside F l...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:9 -
Biogeochemistry and limnology in Antarctic subglacial weathering: molecular evidence of the linkage between subglacial silica input and primary producers in a perennially ice-covered lake
We report a 6,000 years record of subglacial weathering and biogeochemical processes in two perennially ice-covered glacial lakes at Rundvågshetta, on the Soya Coast of Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The tw...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:8 -
Incorporation of Mg2+ in surface Ca2+ sites of aragonite: an ab initio study
First-principles calculations of Mg2+-containing aragonite surfaces are important because Mg2+ can affect the growth of calcium carbonate polymorphs. New calculations that incorporate Mg2+ substitution for Ca2+ i...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:7 -
Comparing the visual perception and aesthetic evaluation of natural landscapes in Russia and Japan: cultural and environmental factors
Japan and Russia have deeply rooted cultural traditions regarding natural landscape appreciation, share a common border, and have areas with similar natural environments. They differ, however, in cultural, his...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:6 -
Expected geoneutrino signal at JUNO
Constraints on the Earth’s composition and on its radiogenic energy budget come from the detection of geoneutrinos. The Kamioka Liquid scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND) and Borexino experiments rece...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:5 -
The dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: a brief review
The dynamics of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) (60 to 110 km) is dominated by waves and their effects. The basic structure of the MLT is determined by momentum deposition by small-scale gravity waves,...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:4 -
Sound velocity of hcp-Fe at high pressure: experimental constraints, extrapolations and comparison with seismic models
Determining the sound velocity of iron under extreme thermodynamic conditions is essential for a proper interpretation of seismic observations of the Earth’s core but is experimentally challenging. Here, we re...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:3 -
The geospace response to variable inputs from the lower atmosphere: a review of the progress made by Task Group 4 of CAWSES-II
The advent of new satellite missions, ground-based instrumentation networks, and the development of whole atmosphere models over the past decade resulted in a paradigm shift in understanding the variability of...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:2 -
Biochemical and physiological bases for the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in environmental and ecological studies
We review the biochemical and physiological bases of the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions as an approach for environmental and ecological studies. Biochemical processes commonly observed in the...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2015 2:1 -
Modeling in Earth system science up to and beyond IPCC AR5
Changes in the natural environment that are the result of human activities are becoming evident. Since these changes are interrelated and can not be investigated without interdisciplinary collaboration between...
Citation: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2014 1:29