Liquid and supercritical CO2 as an organic solvent in Hadean seafloor hydrothermal systems: implications for prebiotic chemical evolution

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 1 Modern seafloor hydrothermal systems with a L/SC-CO₂ pool beneath the seafloor

Site	Venting depth below sea surface (m)	Temperature of vent fluid (°C)	CO₂ concentration in hydrothermal fluid (mM)	δ¹³C_CO2 (VPDB)
JADE (Okinawa Trough)	1300–1550	< 220, 320	26–198	− 5.0 to − 4.7
Yonaguni Knoll IV (Okinawa Trough)	1370–1385	160–328	18.1–329	− 8.0 to − 7.2
Iheya North (Okinawa Trough)	1000	< 311	2.7–227	− 10.1 to − 6.1
Champagne, NW Eifuku (Mariana Trough)	1600	11–108	72.3–2711	− 1.8 to − 1.2

JADE: Sakai et al. (1990a, b) and Ishibashi et al. (1995), Yonaguni Knoll IV: Suzuki et al. (2001) and Konno et al. (2006), Iheya North: Kawagucci et al. (2011), Champagne, NW Eifuku: Lupton et al. (2006)