Fig. 14

Vertical profile of the strength and the bending stress within the incoming plate. a A schematic image of vertical profile. Green, gray dashed, and blue lines represent brittle strength, ductile strength, and bending stress, respectively. After the yielding of rock, deviatoric stress occurring within the plate is expressed by a red line. Blue and red background colors show the areas where shallow normal-faulting and deep thrust-faulting earthquakes occur, respectively. b Stress profile at the shallow part of the plate assuming the typical frictional strength condition. Dark red line is the deviatoric stress after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Gray hatched area is the region where seismicity becomes active after adding the stress change. c Stress profile assuming the reduced frictional strength. Dark red line is the deviatoric stress after the Tohoku-Oki earthquake, calculated by adding a constant static stress change of 20 MPa