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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 3 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 3

From: Impact of permafrost degradation on the extreme increase of dissolved iron concentration in the Amur river during 1995–1997

Fig. 3

Changes in late summer net precipitation (P − E), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, and atmospheric circulation. a Interannual variations in the 9-year moving averages of late summer (July, August, and September; JAS) P − E in the NE-Amur (red), the NW-Amur (green), the S-Amur (blue), and late summer PDO index (black); b the anomaly of mean geopotential height at the 500-hPa level in late summer during the positive PDO phase of 1977–1997 relative to 1960–2006. In a, the black dotted two lines indicate the years 1977 and 1997, when the phase of the PDO changed from negative (positive) to positive (negative). In b, the red area indicates the high-pressure anomaly, while the blue area indicates the low-pressure anomaly. Arrows denote the anomaly of mean vertically integrated water vapour flux during 1977–1997 relative to 1960–2006. Yellow arrows denote that the anomaly was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level in t-tests

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