Fig. 15

A schematic diagram showing the difference in rupture growth path between the dynamic and quasi-static cases. The thick gray curve \(\tau = \tau_{{{\text{dy}}}} (D)\) and white curve \(\tau = \tau_{{{\text{qs}}}} (D)\) represent the dynamic and quasi-static rupture growth paths, respectively. For reference, the slip-weakening curve \(\tau = \tau_{{{\text{fr}}}} (D)\) is also plotted in black. The symbols \(\tau_{{\text{i}}}\), \(\tau_{{\text{p}}}\), \(\tau_{{\text{r}}}\), and \(\tau_{{\text{f}}}\) indicate the initial, peak, residual, and final values of the shear stress \(\tau\), respectively. The area enclosed by the thick gray and white curves gives the total seismic energy escaping from the mechanical system concerned