Fig. 12

The constitutive relation between shear stress and slip displacement observed in a stick–slip experiment of rock sample (cited from Ohnaka et al. 1987). The symbols \(\tau_{{\text{i}}}\), \(\tau_{{\text{p}}}\), and \(\tau_{{\text{r}}}\) indicate the initial, peak, and residual stress, respectively, and \(D_{{\text{c}}}\) represents the critical slip displacement