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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 3 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 3

From: Coherent amplification of the Okhotsk high, Korean trough, and northwestern Pacific subtropical high during heavy rainfall over Japan in August 2021

Fig. 3

a SST anomalies (unit: K) in August 2021. b Monthly time series of the tropical oceanic indices from 2019 to 2021: Niño3.4 index (blue line) as [5°S–5°N, 170°–120°W] (Trenberth 1997), Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) index (green line) as the difference between [5°S–5°N, 50°–70°E] and [10°S–Equator, 90°–110°E] (Saji et al. 1999), and Indian Ocean basin warming (IOBW) index (red line) as [20°S–20°N, 40°–100°E]. The units are K. The areas of the indices are shown by rectangles in (a)

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