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Table 1 Features computed for characterizing each quarterly hydroclimatic time series

From: Features of the Earth’s seasonal hydroclimate: characterizations and comparisons across the Köppen–Geiger climates and across continents

S/n

Name

Brief description

1

Lag-1 autocorrelation

Lag-1 sample autocorrelation of the time series

2

Autocorrelation summary

Sum of the squared sample autocorrelation values of the time series at the lags equal from 1 to 10 seasons

3

Seasonal autocorrelation

Lag-4 sample autocorrelation of the time series

4

Temporal variation

Standard deviation of the first-order differenced standardized time series

5

Spectral entropy

Spectral entropy of the time series estimated by applying the method by Jung and Gibson (2006)

6

Hurst exponent

Hurst parameter of the fractional Gaussian noise process estimated by applying the method by Tyralis and Koutsoyiannis (2011) on the deseasonalized time series

7

Trend strength

Strength of trends in the time series estimated according to Kang et al. (2017)

8

Seasonality strength

Strength of seasonality in the time series estimated according to Kang et al. (2017)