Fig. 5

Seawater movement revealed by the NOWPHAS GPS wave gauge buoy (#805, Aomori-Togan-Oki) motion installed 10 km off the coast at a water depth of 87 m during the arrival of  the 2010 Maule (Chile) earthquake tsunami. The exact location of the GPS wave gauge buoy can be found in Fig. 7a of Kawai et al. (2012). a The time series indicate the three dimensional motion of the buoy, which is moored to the seafloor by a chain and is not in completely free motion. b The trace of the horizontal motion of the buoy is shown with numbers along the trace corresponding to the timing in the time series in figure (a). The first horizontal motion is eastward and the vertical motion is downward from time 1 to time 2. The first vertical and horizontal motions are consistent with a tsunami with a leading negative trough propagating from east to west at the buoy location. The figure has been adapted from Fig. 6 of Kawai et al. (2012)