Fig. 8

The effect of LVZ on the 3-year postseismic deformation a the surface displacement by the models with top depth D at 30 km, 50 km, and 70 km, while T = 20 km, W = 40 km, and \({\eta }_{M}\)=5.6×10¹⁷ Pa·s. b The surface displacement by the models with thickness T at 20 km, 40 km, and 60 km, while D = 30 km, W = 40 km, and \({\eta }_{M}\)=5.6×10¹⁷ Pa·s. c The surface displacement by the models with width W at 40 km, 120 km, and 200 km, while D = 30 km, T = 20 km, and \({\eta }_{M}\)=5.6×10¹⁷ Pa·s. d The surface displacement by the models with Maxwell viscosity \({\eta }_{M}\) at 5.6×10¹⁷ Pa·s, 5.6×10¹⁶ Pa·s, 5.6×10¹⁵ Pa·s, while D = 30 km, T = 20 km, and W = 40 km. e The trench-normal profile depicts the viscosity distribution and mantle flow pattern for the model with D = 30 km, T = 20 km, W = 40 km, and \({\eta }_{M}\)=5.6×10¹⁷ Pa·s. f The distribution of strain difference corresponds to the model shown in (e). Strain difference = strain in LVZ model – strain in base model. All viscous strain (second invariant of the deviatoric strain tensor) is normalized by the coseismic strain