Synoptic meteorological conditions of gamma-ray glows in winter thunderstorms

Wada, Yuuki; Tsurumi, Miwa; Hayashi, Syugo; Michimoto, Koichiro

doi:10.1186/s40645-023-00538-2

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 2 List of parameters for glow-detection and non-detection cases

From: Synoptic meteorological conditions of gamma-ray glows in winter thunderstorms

Case no.	Type	Cold-core low	Passage of trough	Passage of cold front	JPCZ (at Kanazawa)	Temperature		Lapse rate (\(^{\circ }\)C/km)	Altitude at − 10 \(^{\circ }\)C (km)	Wind direction (\(^{\circ }\))	Flash rate (flash/min)
Case no.	Type	Cold-core low	Passage of trough	Passage of cold front	JPCZ (at Kanazawa)	Ground (\(^{\circ }\)C)	850 hPa (\(^{\circ }\)C)	Lapse rate (\(^{\circ }\)C/km)	Altitude at − 10 \(^{\circ }\)C (km)	Wind direction (\(^{\circ }\))	Flash rate (flash/min)
1	Convex	No	Yes	No	No	5.9	− 3.2	6.3	2.4	300	0.0
2	Cold-front	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9.7	0.2	6.7	2.8	260	0.3
3	Convex	Yes	Unclear	No	Yes (L-mode)	5.9	− 5.9	8.8	1.9	265	0.5
4	Snowy	Yes	Yes	No	No	− 0.4	− 11.8	8.4	1.2	310	0.0
5	PL	Yes	Yes	No	Yes (Cu-Cb)	6.8	− 3.8	7.9	2.3	260	0.25
6	Convex	Yes	Yes	No	No	6.8	− 3.8	7.6	2.3	250	0.2
7	Small-low	Yes	No	No	Yes (Cu-Cb)	5.0	− 4.0	6.4	2.2	240	0.2
8	Convex	Yes	Yes	No	Yes (L-mode)	4.9	− 7.1	8.8	1.8	250	0.0
9	Convex	Yes	Unclear	No	No	5.8	− 5.8	8.2	2.0	260	0.0
10	PL	Yes	Unclear	No	No	2.7	− 9.5	8.6	1.5	290	0.1
11	Convex	Yes	No	No	No	2.0	− 6.5	6.3	1.8	250	0.2
12	Convex	Yes	No	No	No	2.2	− 6.1	6.0	1.9	250	0.4
13	PL	Yes	No	No	Yes (Cu-Cb)	− 0.4	− 10.1	6.9	1.4	240	0.2
14	Small-low	Yes	Unclear	No	Yes (Cu-Cb)	1.2	− 7.8	6.2	1.7	260	0.0
15	PL	Yes	Yes	No	No	3.2	− 6.4	7.0	1.8	250	0.0
16	Convex	Yes	No	No	No	1.1	− 8.6	6.9	1.6	250	0.2
17	Convex	Yes	No	No	Yes (L-mode)	5.5	− 6.8	8.4	1.9	250	0.0
18	Convex	No	Yes	No	No	7.7	− 2.2	7.1	2.6	270	0.0
19	Convex	No	Yes	No	No	8.1	− 4.7	8.8	2.2	270	1.2
20	Convex	Yes	No	No	No	4.9	− 5.7	7.5	2.0	275	0.75
21	Small-low	Yes	No	No	No	2.8	− 4.5	5.2	2.1	260	0.1
22	Convex	Yes	Yes	No	No	6.2	− 2.6	6.3	2.5	240	0.6
23	PL	Yes	No	No	Yes (Cu-Cb)	2.6	− 6.9	7.0	1.8	250	0.0
24	Convex	No	Yes	No	No	4.1	− 6.1	7.6	1.8	280	0.3
(Average)						4.3	− 5.8	7.3	2.0	260	0.23
ND1	Convex	Yes	No	No	No	10.5	0.4	7.0	3.0	260	0.1
ND2	Convex	Yes	Yes	No	No	7.6	− 0.6	5.8	2.9	250	0.1
ND3	Convex	Yes	Unclear	No	No	3.4	− 4.8	5.6	2.2	250	0.3
ND4	Quasi-convex	Yes	Yes	No	No	11.0	− 1.8	8.8	2.6	270	0.2
ND5	Cold-front	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9.2	− 3.2	8.7	2.4	250	0.3
ND6	Cold-front	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	5.5	− 3.5	6.4	2.3	250	0.2
ND7	Convex	Yes	No	No	No	8.8	− 0.8	6.9	2.8	250	0.3
ND8	PL	Yes	Yes	No	No	3.7	− 7.7	8.1	1.7	270	0.2
ND9	Cold-front	No	Yes	Yes	No	5.9	− 3.8	6.8	2.4	260	1.0
ND10	PL	Yes	Yes	No	No	5.2	− 4.1	6.9	2.1	250	0.7
ND11	Cold-front	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	16.1	6.0	7.1	3.8	260	0.2
(Average)						7.9	− 2.2	7.1	2.6	260	0.33

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