Fig. 3From: Ensemble rainfall–runoff and inundation simulations using 100 and 1000 member rainfalls by 4D LETKF on the Kumagawa River flooding 2020Evolutions of the accumulated precipitation averaged over the Kumagawa catchment as forecasted by NHM-LETKF. The light gray zone represents the intervals between the first and third quartiles of the probability density functions of the accumulated rainfall. The dark gray zone indicates the 95% confidence intervals, i.e., the intervals between the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles, of the probability density functions of the accumulated rainfall (Reproduced Duc et al. 2021)Back to article page