Fig. 1From: Ensemble rainfall–runoff and inundation simulations using 100 and 1000 member rainfalls by 4D LETKF on the Kumagawa River flooding 2020a, b, c Observations of consecutive 3-h precipitations between 00 and 09 JST July 4th 2020. d, e, f The corresponding 2-km forecasts by NHM-LETKF started at 18 JST July 4th 2020. g, h, i The corresponding 2-km probabilistic forecasts with respect to a rainfall threshold of 50 mm/3 h. (Reproduced Duc et al. 2021)Back to article page