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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 4 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 4

From: Historical regional climate changes in Japan in winter as assessed by a 5-km regional climate model with a land surface process

Fig. 4

Interannual variations of air temperature and precipitation in all of Japan from 1959 to 2020. a Surface air temperature, b annual total precipitation, c annual frequency of daily precipitation exceeding 100 mm/day (nPR100), and d annual maximum daily precipitation (Rx1d). Thick and thin lines represent annual and 5-year means, respectively. Black and gray, red and light red, and blue and light blue lines represent observations, DS5km, and DSJRA-55, respectively. The temperature and precipitation are averaged from 15 and 51 stations shown in Fig. 1b or grid points near the stations, respectively

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