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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 3 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 3

From: Historical regional climate changes in Japan in winter as assessed by a 5-km regional climate model with a land surface process

Fig. 3

Monthly mean surface air temperature and monthly precipitation; a mean surface air temperature and their biases; c, d total precipitation and their biases; a, c black and orange lines represent the averages of AMeDAS and DS5km, respectively, between 1991 and 2020. Blue and green lines represent the averages of DS5km and DSJRA-55, respectively, between 1981 and 2010. b, d Orange, blue, and green lines represent the biases in DS5km (1991–2020), DS5km (1981–2010), and DSJRA-55 (1981–2010), respectively

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