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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 1 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 1

From: Historical regional climate changes in Japan in winter as assessed by a 5-km regional climate model with a land surface process

Fig. 1

Model domains, locations of observational stations, Japanese regions, and topography. a The gray-shaded region is the first domain of the NHRCM with 20-km grid spacing. The inner region shows the second domain of the NHRCM with 5-km grid spacing. The gray and black gradation in the second domain shows the topography. b Locations of in situ stations. Black, red, and green circles represent stations measuring precipitation, air temperature, and snow depth, respectively. Purple, light blue, and red squares represent stations measuring both precipitation and air temperature, both precipitation and snow depth, and all three variables, respectively. c Japanese regions with their naming of a combination of NJ/EJ/WJ and JS/PO: The former denotes northern, eastern, and western Japan, and the latter denotes the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean sides. These regions are based on those delineated by Murata et al. (2015). d Topography in Japan except for southwestern islands

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