Fig. 10

Seismological characteristics in Hokkaido and Tohoku regions. a The interplate earthquakes occurring from 1984 to 2013 CE compiled by Nakamura et al. (2016), b the distribution of slip deficit, compiled by Suwa et al. (2006), and slow earthquake distributions, compiled by Nishikawa et al. (2019). The black and viridis-color lines in a represent contour with a 10 m slip interval of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami by Iinuma et al. (2012) and with a 1 m slip interval of the 1968 CE Tokachi-oki tsunami by Nagai et al. (2001), respectively. The slip deficit is estimated from three-dimensional global positioning system velocity data from 1997 to 2001 CE by Suwa et al. (2006). The white stars indicate the epicenters of historical earthquake (see Table 1 for detail). The viridis-color bar in a shows the slip amount; yellow is large, and purple is small. The white circles in b show the epicenters of tectonic tremor occurrence from August 2016 to August 2018. The light green circles in b denote the epicenters of very-low-frequency earthquakes from January 2005 to August 2018 CE. These data refer directly to the original supplement data in Nishikawa et al. (2019). The red star in b shows the main shock epicenter of the 2011 CE earthquake. The black circles in a and b indicate the explainable sites by the S2 model. The dark pink frame in a and b shows the rupture area of the S2 model