Fig. 16

Distributions of eastward velocity u (\({\text {cm\,s}}^{-1}\), contours) and northward velocity v (\({\text {cm\,s}}^{-1}\), color shading) averaged within isopycnal layers of 25.0 and 25.5 \({\sigma }_{\theta }\) in a July 1997 and b July 2008, i.e., periods of the weak and strong upward transports in Region A (solid square), which are denoted by upward and downward arrows in Fig. 14a, respectively. Data were smoothed by a 15-month running mean filter. Contour intervals of u are 5 \({\text {cm\,s}}^{-1}\) and dashed contours indicate negative values (westward velocity)