Table 1 Basic specifications of the Haneda and Narita radars (Tsukamoto et al. 2016; Umehara et al. 2021)

Transmitting frequency

C-band (5330 MHz at the Haneda radar and 5335 MHz at the Narita radar)

Beam width

 < 0.7° (7-m-diameter parabolic antenna)

Pulse width

1 µs (range < 12 km), 64 µs (range ≥ 12 km)

Azimuth spacing

0.7°

Range gate spacing

150 m

Observable range radius

120 km

Observation frequency

A volume scan (including 15 PPIs and an RHI) updates every 5 min

Elevation angles of PPI

0.7°, 17.0°, 12.5°, 0.7°, 9.2°, 6.9°, 5.1°, 0.7°, 3.8°, 2.8°, 2.1°, 0.7°, 1.5°, 1.1°, 0.7°

Azimuth angles of RHI

Haneda: 329.8° to 149.8° and 239.8° to 59.8°

Narita: 149.5° to 329.5° and 239.5° to 59.5°

The two orthogonal planes are 5 min alternatively scanned

Transmission mode

Simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) mode