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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 8 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 8

From: Precision and convergence speed of the ensemble Kalman filter-based parameter estimation: setting parameter uncertainty for reliable and efficient estimation

Fig. 8

Averaged time series for all the trials of Exps. 1–4. The black line is the averaged time series. Color shade represents the standard deviation of all trials. Red open circles indicate that the mean of the estimates differs from the true value (x = 0) with a significance level of 1% based on the Student's t test. The blue line shows the 3 h moving average of the black line

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