Fig. 7From: Precision and convergence speed of the ensemble Kalman filter-based parameter estimation: setting parameter uncertainty for reliable and efficient estimationPower spectral density of the time series of parameter ensemble mean for Exps. 1–4. The red line is for the parameter ensemble spread (σ) of 0.05, the purple line is for σ = 0.1, the cyan line is for σ = 0.2, and the yellow line is for σ = 0.4. Each spectrum was calculated by applying the discrete Fourier transformation to the time series of each trial and averaging these valuesBack to article page