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Fig. 12 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 12

From: Precision and convergence speed of the ensemble Kalman filter-based parameter estimation: setting parameter uncertainty for reliable and efficient estimation

Fig. 12

Two AR(1) model parameters estimated from the time series of Exps. 1–4: a estimated autoregressive parameter ϕ of Eq. (7); and b estimated standard deviation of the random perturbation σε of Eq. (8). Each plot represents the mean value for all the trials of Exp. 1 (σ = 0.05), Exp. 2 (σ = 0.1), Exp. 3 (σ = 0.2), and Exp. 4 (σ = 0.4). The vertical bars represent a confidence interval of 99% for each estimated value

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