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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 1 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 1

From: Precision and convergence speed of the ensemble Kalman filter-based parameter estimation: setting parameter uncertainty for reliable and efficient estimation

Fig. 1

Schematic of the experiment. First, the nature run was performed (horizontal blue arrow). State estimation using the LETKF with 32 ensemble members commenced at T = 3 h (black arrows). Pseudo-radar reflectivity fields calculated from the nature run were assimilated into the ensemble simulation every 5 min. Parameter estimation commenced at T = 4 h (red arrows)

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