Table 2 Water masses previously reported from the Okinawa Trough and the Pacific Ocean
From: Characterization of water masses around the southern Ryukyu Islands based on isotopic compositions
Water masses | Depth | Pot. Temp. (°C) | Salinity | σθ (kg/m3) | εNd | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pacific Ocean | ||||||
Surface Water | 0–50 | 26.3–28.71 | > 34.78 | > 22.48 | − 3.5 to − 2.0 | |
North Pacific Tropical Water | 61–250 | 18.67–24.50 | 34.75–35.25 | 24.0–24.5 | − 3.1 to − 2.1 | Behrens et al. (2018) |
Western North Pacific Central Water | 250–400 | 8.5–17.5 | 34.10–34.80 | 25.3–26.5 | − 3.7 to − 3.2 | Nakamura (1996), Talley et al. (2011), Behrens et al. (2018) |
North Pacific Intermediate Water | 500–700 | 5.13–8.22 | 34.15–34.4 | 26.5–27.2 | − 3.3 to − 2.6 | Wang and Chen (1998), Qu et al. (1999), Chen (2005), Behrens et al. (2018) |
Pacific Deep Water | > 2000 | 1.55–2.1 | 34.6–34.7 | 27.6 | − 6.0 to − 2.8 | Amakawa et al. (2004b), Talley (2008), Amakawa et al. (2013), Behrens et al. (2018) |
Upper Circumpolar Deep Water, southern Pacific | 3000–4000 | 1.6–2.1 | 34.6–34.7 | 27.55–28 | − 6.5 to − 4.6 | Talley (2008), Kawabe and Fujio (2010), Amakawa et al. 2013) |
South China | ||||||
South China Sea Surface Water | 0–10 | 24.9–26.3 | 33.9–34.4 | 27.55 | − 4.5 to − 2.9 | |
South China Sea Intermediate Water | 500–600 | 7.43–8.38 | 34.38–34.43 | 26.25–27.0 | − 4.1 to − 3.6 | |
Okinawa Trough | ||||||
Kuroshio Surface Water | 0–75 | 14–30.2 | 34.2–35.1 | 22.85 | – | Ichikawa and Chaen (2000), Qi et al. (2014), Zuo et al. (2019) |
Kuroshio Tropical Water | 100–300 | 17–25 | 34.85–35.1 | 23.5–24 | – | |
Kuroshio Intermediate Water | 400–800 | 5–13 | 34.1–34.4 | 26.5–26.77 | – | Chen, (2005), Ichikawa and Chaen (2000), Yang et al. (2015), Zuo et al. (2019) |