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Fig. 5 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 5

From: Toward a long-term atmospheric CO2 inversion for elucidating natural carbon fluxes: technical notes of NISMON-CO2 v2021.1

Fig. 5

Upper panels indicate the time series of CO2 mole fractions at Minamitorishima (24.3° N, 154.0° E) (a) and Syowa Station (69.0° S, 39.6° E), Antarctica (b). Black and red lines represent the pseudo-observation and the model with the CTL posterior flux, respectively. The inset of panel (a) depicts the CO2 mole fraction time series zoomed for January 2017, including the lower-resolution pseudo-observation (gray line). (The x-axis covers the whole period of January 2017, and the y-axis ranges from 406 to 420 ppm.) Lower panels indicate the differences between the CTL model and the pseudo-observation (model–observation) at Minamitorishima (c) and Syowa Station (d), where the number indicates the root-mean-square difference for each sensitivity experiment. Note that the NO_ERR case is compared with the pseudo-observations generated from the lower-resolution model

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