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Fig. 14 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 14

From: Experiments on seepage-triggered cliff landslides using cohesive wet sand

Fig. 14

a An example of a factor of safety \(F_{\mathrm{s}}\) calculation in which the center of slip circle (C) is varied. A black rectangle indicates the cliff (\(H = 20\) cm, \(L = 13.5\) cm). A blue curve indicates the phreatic surface with a hydraulic head \(h_{\mathrm{w}} = 12\) cm at \(x = 13.5\) cm. Filled circles indicate the C, and their colors represent the calculated \(F_{\mathrm{s}}\) (see legend for their values). A red circle indicates the C at which the \(F_{\mathrm{s}}\) is the minimum (\(F_{\mathrm{s}} = 0.99\)). Broken red lines are the slip circle radii, and a red arc is the slip circle sector. b \(F_{\mathrm{s}}\) versus \(h_{\mathrm{w}}\) calculated for cliffs with 2 different H values (see legend). For each H, the \(h_{\mathrm{w}}\) is varied in the range of \(h_{\mathrm{w}} \le H\). A red \(\bigcirc\) corresponds to the minimum \(F_{\mathrm{s}}\) in a

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