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Table 1 Temperature and precipitation conditions during the MMCO

From: The response of the hydrological cycle to temperature changes in recent and distant climatic history

Study site

Hemisphere

Zone

Period

T

P

Citation(s)

Global

NH/SH

0

17–14.5

Warm

0

You et al. (2009)

Pound et al. (2012)

Steinthorsdottir et al. (2020)

N. Hemisphere

NH

M-L

17–14.5

Warm

Dry

Böhme et al. (2007);

Bruch et al. (2007); You (2010) Zachos et al. (2001)

N. Hemisphere

NH

H-L

17–14.5

Warm

Dry

Böhme et al. (2007)

Bruch et al. (2007), You (2010), Zachos et al. (2001)

Deep Ocean

NH

H-L

17–14.5

Warm

0

Haq (1973), Miller et al. (1991)

Zachos et al. (2008)

S. Hemisphere

SH

H-L

17–14.5

Warm

Wet

You (2010), Feakins et al. (2012)

Asia

NH

M-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Jiang and Ding (2010)

Liu et al. (2009)

Africa

NH

L-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Retallack (1992)

Levin et al. (2006)

Eronen et al. (2012)

Morales-García et al. (2020)

Antarctica

SH

H-L

17–14.5

Warm

Wet

You (2010); Feakins et al. (2012)

S. America

SH

L-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Pascual and Jaureguizar (1990)

N. America

NH

M-L

20–14.5

Warm

Wet

Kennett (1994); Retallack (2007)

Fox and Koch (2004); Henrot et al. (2010) Herold et al. (2011)

N. America

NH

M-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Wolfe (1985) Chamberlain et al. (2014)

Europe

NH

M-L

17–14.5

0

Wet

Böhme et al. (2007); Methner et al. (2020)

Kuhlemann and Kempf (2002)

Schlunegger et al. (1996)

Australia

SH

M-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Stein and Robert (1985)

Byrne et al. (2008)

Wu et al. (2018)

N. Eurasia

NH

H-L

21–14.5

Warm

Wet

Kennett (1994); Retallack (2007)

Fox and Koch (2004); Henrot et al. (2010) Herold et al. (2011)

Central Africa

NH

L-L

19–14.5

Warm

Wet

Kennett (1994); Retallack (2007)

Fox and Koch (2004); Henrot et al. (2010) Herold et al. (2011)

N. Africa

NH

M-L

18–14.5

Warm

Wet

Kennett (1994); Retallack (2007)

Fox and Koch (2004); Henrot et al. (2010) Herold et al. (2011)

Northern S. America

SH

L-L

17–14.5

0

Wet

Scholz et al. (2020)

China

NH

M-L

17–14.5

Warm

Wet

Sun and Zhang (2008)

Song et al. (2018)

Steininger (1999)

Wan et al. (2007)

Clift et al. (2014)

Greenland

NH

H-L

21–14.5

Warm

Wet

Kennett (1994); Retallack (2007)

Fox and Koch (2004); Henrot et al. (2010) Herold et al. (2011)

E. Idaho, USA

NH

M-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Harris et al. (2020)

N. Pakistan

NH

M-L

17–14.5

0

Dry

Allen and Armstrong (2012)

Alaska Range, Alaska

NH

H-L

18–14

Warm

0

Leopold and Denton (1987)

  1. NH Northern Hemisphere, SH Southern Hemisphere, H-L High-latitudes, M-L Mid-latitudes, L-L Low-latitudes. Period units are in million years BP and average age uncertainty is ± 1 million years