Fig. 1

Sampling map (A) and stations in the Changjiang River (black square in Fig. C), Jiangyin well (purple square in Fig. C), the Changjiang estuary (Fig. B; black circles; gray circles refer Nd isotopic published stations as reported by Che and Zhang 2018), the salinity gradient (Fig. B; blue squares); CDW and TWC indicate Changjiang diluted water and Taiwan warm current, respectively. Green dotted line in the map B shows the study area for calculation of the Nd budget (approx. 8455 km²). Red dotted line (Fig. B) is the main area where Nd_SPM in the Changjiang River mixing zone was explored