Skip to main content

Table 3 Results of tephra analysis for T1 and T6

From: Paleotsunami history of Hachinohe, northern Japan: a multiproxy analysis and numerical modeling approach

Tephra layer

Volcanic glass shards refractive index

Number of volcanic glass shards measured

Volcanic glass morphology

Orthopyroxene shards refractive index

Number of orthopyroxene shards measured

Remarks

Correlative tephra

Range

Mode

Range

Mode

Results of tephra analysis for T1 and T6

         

T1

1.4933–1.4990

1.5023–1.5051

1.5055–1.5083

1.5088–1.5146

1.5227–1.5227

–

1.504

1.507

–

–

4

9

55

12

1

C, T, H, It

T, C, H, It

T, C, H > It

T, C

T

1.699–1.712

1.714–1716

1.721–1.722

1.707–1.708

1.715

–

46

11

3

Heavy minerals: Opx (Hypersthene > Bronzite) (γ = 1.699–1.722), Opq, Cpx > GHb

Light minerals: Pl, Qz

Towada-a (To-a)

T6

1.5008–1.5112

1.5116–1.5148

–

1.513

16

60

T, C, H, It

T > C

1.699–1.703

1.704–1.709

1.711–1.712

–

1.707

–

4

54

2

Heavy minerals: Opx (Hypersthene) (γ = 1.707), Opq, Cpx > Ap

Light minerals: Pl, Qz

Towada-Chuseri (To-Cu)

Reference values (Machida and Arai 2003)

         

To-a

1.496–1.508 (1.502–1.506)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Opx: 1.706–1.708 (1.707)

–

To-Cu

1.510–1.514 (1.511–1.513)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Opx: 1.704–1.708 (1.707)

–

  1. Glass shards morphology: H: large broken type, T: fibrous pumice type, C: intermediate from between H-type and T-type, It: irregular type. Heavy minearls: Opx: orthopyroxene, Cpx, clinopyroxene, GHb: green hornblende, Ap: apatite, Opq: opaque minerals. Light minerals: Qz: quartz, Pl: plagioclase