Evolution of the geological structure and mechanical properties due to the collision of multiple basement topographic highs in a forearc accretionary wedge: insights from numerical simulations

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 1 Parameters used in the DEM simulation

Parameter (unit)	Particle A	Particle B
Radius (m)	12–30	6–10
Density (kg/m³)	2,650	2,650
Contact model	Linear	Linear
Young’s modulus (Pa)	4.90 × 10⁹	4.90 × 10⁹
Normal-to-shear stiffness ratio	2.46	2.46
Friction coefficient between particles	30	0.5
Damping factor	0.7	0.7
Macroscopic internal friction angle (°)	39	27