Sedimentary facies analysis of the fluvial environment in the Siwalik Group of eastern Nepal: deciphering its relation to contemporary Himalayan tectonics, climate and sea-level change

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Table 2 Facies associations of the Siwalik Group in the Muksar Khola section

Facies association	Dominant lithofacies type	Minor lithofacies type	Architectural elements	Lithostratigraphic unit	Interpretation
FA5	Gmm, Gmg, Sm, Fm	Gp, Sp	CH, GB, SB, FF	Upper Siwalik	Debris flow–dominated gravelly braided river
FA4	St, Sp, Sm, Fm, Fl	Gmm, Sh, Sr, P	CH, SB, CS, LV, FF, DA	Middle Siwalik	Anastomosing river
FA3	Sp, Sr, Sh, Fm	St, Sm, Fl, P	CH, SB, CS, LV, FF, LA	Middle Siwalik	Sandy meandering river
FA2	Gmm, Sm	Sr, Fl, Fm	GB, SB, LV, FF	Lower Siwalik	Flood-dominated overbank environment
FA1	Sr, Fl, Fm, P	Sp, Sh, C	CH, SB, CS, LV, FF, LA	Lower Siwalik	Flood plain–dominated fine-grained meandering river

Abbreviations: GB Gravel bars, CH Channels, SB Sandy bedforms, DA Downstream accretion, LA Lateral accretion, CS Crevasse-splay deposits, LV Levee deposits, FF Flood plain fines (Interpretation scheme after Miall 1977, 1985, 2000, 2006)