Fig. 2From: High-resolution flow simulation in Typhoon 21, 2018: massive loss of submerged macrophytes in Lake BiwaConceptual diagrams of the two processes responsible for the vegetation outflow induced by the high-speed current. a Erosion (case 1) evaluated by the nondimensional bed shear stress and the sediment flux from the bed to the lake water. b Fluid force (case 2) represented by the resultant of the buoyancy and drag forces. The variables depicted in the diagram are explained further in the textBack to article page