Fig. 8
From: Review of the Early–Middle Pleistocene boundary and Marine Isotope Stage 19
North Atlantic and global records of Marine Isotope Stage 19 (see also Fig. 9). (a) Insolation at 65° N in June, and precession and obliquity parameters. (b) Designation of events by Bassinot et al. (1994) based on the planktonic foraminiferal δ18O record of Indian Ocean core MD900963. (c) Lettered substages of Tzedakis et al. (2012b) applied to the foraminiferal δ18O and other records of ODP Site 983 Iceland Basin, with peaks correlated to Antarctic Isotope Maxima (AIMs) reflected in the Antarctic ice-core methane record from EPICA Dome C. Also included are the ice-rafted debris and sortable silt mean size (mean of 10–63 μm fraction) records (Kleiven et al. 2011). (d) Lettered substages of Railsback et al. (2015) as applied to the LR04 benthic δ18O foraminiferal stack of Lisiecki and Raymo (2005). (e) The MIS 19 subdivisional scheme used here (Fig. 7): interstadials i1, i2, and i3 are labelled in red. All records are plotted on their own published time scales and use the original substage designations