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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 4 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 4

From: Reconstruction of ocean environment time series since the late nineteenth century using sclerosponge geochemistry in the northwestern subtropical Pacific

Fig. 4

A Within-skeleton variations in the geochemistry of the SMJ-2-S1 (open circles) and MNZ-S1 (dotted circles) samples. The Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca data at the respective sampling point of X = 8 and X = 1 for the MNZ-S1 sample were evaluated as outliers based on the Smirnov-Grubbs test (p < 0.025). B Scatter plot of δ13C and δ18O averages with 1σ standard deviations of coeval skeletal portions in individual samples. Red and green areas are shown respectively as estimated ranges of isotopically equilibrium calcite precipitated at the study sites of Miyako and Okinawa Islands. For comparison, aragonite sclerosponge (Astrosclera willeyana) data and an equilibrium aragonite estimate are also shown (Asami et al. 2020a)

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