Fig. 2

The main drivers for coupling from above and below. The induced residual circulation is presented by white arrows. Black arrows represent the wave forcing and tides, as labeled. The color background represents the zonal mean temperature structure with blue indicating the coldest regions and yellow the warmest regions. The contour lines represent the zonal mean zonal wind structure (yellow is positive, i.e., eastward wind; dashed blue is negative, i.e. westward wind; black is the zero wind line). The radiative processes are in white, the elements of wave driving in orange, and downward particle precipitation in green