Fig. 1
From: The vertical structure of annual wave energy flux in the tropical Indian Ocean
Left panels: the zonal component of simulated velocity at the sea surface (color shading with a unit of m/s), the zonal component of wind stress in the model (solid and dotted contours for eastward and westward anomalies, respectively, with an interval of 0.02 N/m2), and the velocity vector (arrows in units of m/s) in the middle of a February, c May, e August, and g November from “Year 20” of our climatological model experiments. When under 0.2 m/s, the magnitude of simulated velocity vectors in left panels is indicated either by arrow length or, for greater values, by heavy arrows of uniform length. Right panels (b, d, f, and h): same as left panels except for simulated sea surface geopotential anomaly (color shading with a unit of m2/s2) and PV-inverted function at the sea surface (solid and dotted contours represent positive and negative values, respectively, with an interval of 20,000 m2/s). The PV-inverted function may be interpreted as geostrophic streamfunction in off-equatorial regions. The sea surface quantities have been reconstructed from the model results of fundamental six baroclinic modes (Appendix)