Fig. 26
From: Earth-affecting solar transients: a review of progresses in solar cycle 24
a Event-integrated differential fluences vs. energy of ~ 0.1–500 MeV/nucleon for H-Fe nuclei during a large SEP event, taken from Desai et al. (2016b). The energy spectra for different species are offset for clarity. Solid lines are Band function fits to the spectra. b Spectral break energy EX of species X normalized to EH—break energy of H vs. the ion’s charge-to-mass (Q/M) ratio. Solid lines are fits to the data EX/EH = no (Qx/Mx)α; dashed line: same equation with α = 2; dotted line: same equation with α = 0.2