Fig. 5

Timeseries of NO2 and HCHO concentrations, HCHO/NO2 concentration ratio, and O3 concentration for the lowest layer (altitude of 0–1 km) retrieved from MAX-DOAS observations at Chiba (red) and Tsukuba, Japan. The median values for the 8 months (March to October), when MAX-DOAS O3 data were available, are shown for each year. Shaded areas represent 67% ranges