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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 12 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 12

From: A review of the SCOSTEP’s 5-year scientific program VarSITI—Variability of the Sun and Its Terrestrial Impact

Fig. 12

Coordinated ground and ERG (Arase) observations. a Illustration of conjugate observations from the ground network of the PWING project and the ERG satellite. Earth in panel a is mapped using NASA image. All rights reserved. b All-sky EMCCD snapshot observed at Gakona in Alaska at 13:01:28 UT, 30 March 2017. Dotted lines indicate the spacing of geographical latitudes and longitudes at 1° and 2° intervals. The yellow frame indicates the auroral region that is focused on in this study. The green diamond symbol indicates ERG’s footprint at the time of observation. c, e The dynamic spectrum, wave-normal angle with respect to the geomagnetic field line, and the waveform of large-amplitude chorus elements observed by ERG near the magnetic equator. f North to South cross-section (keogram) of auroral emissions with a time shift of − 0.24 s (taken from Ozaki et al. 2019)

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