Fig. 8

Isotopic evidence of 18O depletion in the Japan Sea during the last glacial period. a δ18O in stalagmites from Fukugaguchi Cave (FG01, Sone et al. 2013; FG02, this study). b Benthic foraminifera δ18O from a coring site at 330 m depth in the Japan Sea (Sagawa et al. 2018) and Northwestern Pacific Ocean (Lisiecki and Stern 2016). Both sets of isotopic data incorporate variability in water δ18OW and temperature