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Fig. 1 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 1

From: Stalagmite evidence for East Asian winter monsoon variability and 18O-depleted surface water in the Japan Sea during the last glacial period

Fig. 1

Geographic and climatological setting of the study site, Itoigawa. a Map showing the general wind directions in the winter, the southern limit of the EAWM, and the locations of the Itoigawa and Chinese caves. b Warm and cold currents around Japan. The Tsushima Warm Current enters the Japan Sea through the Tsushima strait and outflows to the Northwestern Pacific Ocean through the Tsugaru and Soya straits. c Monthly mean temperature (°C) at Itoigawa (upper) and rainfall (mm) at the Hiraiwa Precipitation Observatory (lower) during the period 1990–2009. d Locations of caves (Maboroshi, Ohtaki, and Kiriana), lakes (Suigetsu and Biwa), a coring site (U1427/PC3), and observatory sites (Toyama and Takada) discussed in this study

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