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Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Fig. 5 | Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Fig. 5

From: Evaluating variability in coseismic slips of paleoearthquakes from an incomplete slip history: an example from displaced terrace flights across the Kamishiro fault, central Japan

Fig. 5

General steps to calculate dip slip using the MCSST. a Step 1: For each of the 30 profiles on each terrace (Fig. S1), define extents of footwall, hanging wall, and fault scarp on each topographic profile. The fault dip is determined from a ratio of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the 2014 earthquake. The PDF of the fault dip is assumed to be uniform. Slope and interception of topographic profiles (footwall, hanging wall, and fault scarp) are determined from linear regression, and their probability densities are assumed to be normally distributed with mean and standard deviation being the best fit and standard error of the regression. The fault is assumed to intersect with the scarp within the lower 5% of the scarp, and its PDF is uniform. b Step 2: Calculate the dip slip using the PDF defined in step 1. We performed 10,000 realizations for each of the 30 profiles and calculated the mean (denoted as\( \overline{S} \) in the figure). c Step 3: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of \( \overline{S} \) in step 2 as a plausible dip slip and its uncertainty. Results are shown in Fig. 9

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