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Table 6 Fractional changes in TC genesis frequency, TC seed frequency, and SR

From: Evaluation of the contribution of tropical cyclone seeds to changes in tropical cyclone frequency due to global warming in high-resolution multi-model ensemble simulations

Model

TC

Seed

SR

Resi

â–³ [%]

Pmean

â–³[%]

Pmean

â–³[%]

Pmean

â–³[%]

CNRM156

− 6.27

40.8

*− 8.44

1034.7

2.16

3.9

− 0.01

CNRM055

− 7.57

83.5

*− 9.66

2725.5

2.08

3.1

− 0.01

EC078

− 13.12

21.0

− 8.10

394.7

− 5.00

5.3

0.02

EC039

− 4.52

35.4

− 5.41

575.0

1.41

6.1

0.52

MPI100

− 1.57

10.2

3.68

519.9

− 4.81

1.9

0.45

MPI052

5.05

11.9

− 5.15

756.6

9.40

1.6

− 0.80

MRI060

− 5.11

57.1

*− 5.99

2192.5

0.73

2.6

− 0.15

MRI020

*− 7.12

93.9

*− 10.04

4238.5

3.16

2.2

0.23

HG208

− 3.32

27.7

0.40

1062.5

− 4.65

2.6

− 0.93

HG093

− 4.67

105.4

− 4.45

4242.6

− 0.40

2.5

− 0.19

HG039

− 0.13

150.9

− 1.47

6409.1

1.44

2.4

0.11

NCM056

*− 6.33

213.6

*− 5.08

10108.6

− 1.37

2.1

− 0.12

NCM028

*− 5.13

274.6

*− 2.29

15982.6

*− 2.91

1.7

− 0.08

NCM14

*− 6.16

267.8

*− 4.37

16598.2

− 1.80

1.6

− 0.01

MME mean

*− 4.72

 

*− 4.56

 

0.04

 

− 0.20

MME median

*− 5.32

 

*− 4.12

 

0.20

 

− 1.40

  1. Fractional changes (â–³ [%]) were calculated based on the ratio of differences between mean values of the future climate (2025–2049) and the present-day climate (1990–2014) to the mean value of the present-day climate (Pmean). In NCM014, we regard 2000–2009 as the present-day climate, and 2040–2049 as the future climate. Residual (Resi) was calculated based on Eq. 2. MME mean and median indicates change ratio of TC genesis frequency, TC seed frequency, and survival rate calculated from the multi models except NCM014, which were normalized based on the mean value from 1990 to 2014. Positive values indicate an increase in the respective variable due to global warming, whereas negative values denote a decrease. Statistical significance of future changes was determined with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. An asterisk indicates that a future change is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level (at least)